X-Git-Url: http://git.grml.org/?p=grml-live.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=templates%2FGRML%2Fgrml-cheatcodes.txt;h=71d20cee292e6740cc8230c5a5935bbeb4a171e7;hp=894f3edc72f67e4c378f3937397aaf497f8aa614;hb=dde77091e81def0906ef617eacad5318828a7ed5;hpb=4f8937bce96f552121e525eb927a2daea4dfae88 diff --git a/templates/GRML/grml-cheatcodes.txt b/templates/GRML/grml-cheatcodes.txt index 894f3ed..71d20ce 100644 --- a/templates/GRML/grml-cheatcodes.txt +++ b/templates/GRML/grml-cheatcodes.txt @@ -1,32 +1,37 @@ CHEATCODES AND HINTS FOR GRML ============================================================================== -These options (can be combined) work from the (isolinux/grub) bootprompt: +These options work from the (isolinux/grub) bootprompt of Grml based (live) systems. + +The following kernel options are available (do NOT use them as 'grml $OPTION', +use them as '$OPTION'!): grml Use default settings (same as just pressing return) +grml2ram Copy Grml's squashfs file to RAM and + run from there (compare with 'grml toram') memtest Run Memtest86+ instead of Linux fb1280x1024 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (1) -fb1024x768 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (2) [notice: grml's default] +fb1024x768 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (2) [notice: Grml's default] fb800x600 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (3) nofb Disable framebuffer floppy Boot from floppydisk hd / hd1 / hd2 / hd3 Boot from (local) primary / secondary /... harddisk -failsafe Boot with (almost) no HW-detection debug Get shells during process of booting for debugging bootchart Create chart of booting sequence in /var/log/bootchart.tgz forensic Do not touch any harddisks during hardware recognition -splash Text based bootsplash -serial Activate ttyS0 and start mgetty +serial Activate ttyS0 and start a getty +grub Boot Grub bootloader (special all-in-one-image) dos Boot FreeDOS -grub Boot into the Grub bootloader -qemu Boot with special options for use in Qemu -vmware Boot with special options for use in VMware +hdt Boot Hardware Detection Tool (from syslinux project) -Important: if you notice any problems with one of the -following options please report it to the grml-team: -http://grml.org/bugs/ +Further documentation regarding the boot process can be found at: +* http://git.grml.org/?p=live-initramfs-grml.git;a=blob_plain;f=manpages/live-initramfs.en.7.txt;hb=HEAD +* http://git.grml.org/?p=live-boot-grml.git;a=blob;f=manpages/en/live-boot.7;hb=HEAD +* http://git.debian.org/?p=kernel/initramfs-tools.git;a=blob_plain;f=initramfs-tools.8;hb=HEAD +* http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt -Notice: not all of the following cheatcodes are available on all the grml flavours. +The following boot options can be combined. +Notice: not all of them are available on all the Grml flavours. For example the X window system is not part of grml-small. Regional settings: @@ -34,66 +39,135 @@ Regional settings: grml lang=at|de|cn|da|es|fr|it Specify language ($LANG, $LC_ALL, $LANGUAGE - utf8) + keyboard grml lang=nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us Specify language ($LANG, $LC_ALL, $LANGUAGE - utf8) + keyboard grml lang=$LANG-iso Activate $LANG (use like in lines above) with iso-mode instead of utf8 -grml gmt Use GMT-based time -grml tz=Europe/Vienna Use this timezone for TZ +grml gmt Use GMT-based time (UTC=yes) +grml utc Use Coordinated Universal Time (UTC=yes) +grml localtime Use local time (UTC=no) +grml tz=Europe/Vienna Use specified timezone for TZ grml keyboard=us xkeyboard=us Use different keyboard layout (text-console/X) -grml setkeycodes Set some special function keys for MS/HP keyboards Configuration settings: ----------------------- -grml myconfig=/dev/fd0 Execute "grml.sh" and extract config.tbz from a partition: +grml myconfig=/dev/fd0 Set the DCS dir (debs, config, scripts) to the root of this device + DCS dir defaults to the live image or a device labeled GRMLCFG + If a file /config.tbz exists, it is extracted from there. /dev/fd0 for floppy disk /dev/sda1 for USB-stick/first SCSI-device +grml autoconfig=SOMELABEL Set the DCS dir to the root of the device labeled with SOMELABEL. + If undefined search for a device labeled with GRMLCFG. grml netconfig=server/config.tbz Download file and extract configuration archive -grml partconf=/dev/hda2 Copy files specified in /etc/grml/partconf from /dev/hda2 +grml netscript=server/file Download and execute file +grml partconf=/dev/sda2 Copy files specified in /etc/grml/partconf from /dev/sda2 to booting grml system grml file=foobar.tbz Use specified file as name for configuration archive instead of the default one (config.tbz) grml extract=/etc Extract only /etc from configuration archive, use it in combination with myconfig or netconfig -grml home=/dev/hda2 Mount specified partition as grml homedir -grml home=/dev/sda1/grml.img Mount loopback file as /home/grml -grml home=scan Automatic search for grml homedir (using file grml.img) -grml hostname=... Set hostname -grml debnet Search through local partitions for file /etc/network/interfaces, - copy /etc/network to local system and restart networking then +grml persistence Enable persistency feature, more details available at + http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=persistency +grml hostname=... Set hostname to given argument +grml hostname Set a random hostname + [Note: only available with releases newer than 2010.04] +grml nonetworking Do not create/overwrite /etc/network/interface during startup grml distri=... Set distribution name to given argument. If a jpg file named like the given distri name can be found in directory desktop on the ISO - (/cdrom/desktop/"$DISTRI") it will be taken as wallpaper for grml -grml unionfs Use unionfs instead of aufs as overlay filesystem - -Notice: Take a look at http://grml.org/config/ and -/usr/share/doc/grml-saveconfig/grml-config.html -for more information regarding the configuration -framework of grml. + (/cdrom/desktop/"$DISTRI") it will be taken as wallpaper for grml +grml debnet Search through local partitions for file /etc/network/interfaces, + copy /etc/network to local system and restart networking then +grml dns=8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 Set DNS resolvers during boot and for live system. +grml ip=... Standard Linux kernel ip= boot option. Arguments: + clientip:nfsserverip:gwip:netmask:hostname:device:autoconf + Valid values for autoconf: off, on, dhcp, bootp, rarp, both. + Almost everything is optional. Most common form: ip=dhcp +grml mypath=... Add specified option into $PATH of Zsh + For example when using "grml mypath=/foobar" then /foobar + will be added to the end of $PATH inside Zsh +grml debs Install all Debian packages from the "debs" directory of your DCS + directory (see myconfig=, typically the root of your ISO image). +grml debs=path-name-wildcard Install Debian packages from DCS directory (see myconfig=, + typically the root of your ISO image). If path does not contain a + "/" the package(s) will be installed from directory "debs" of the + DCS directory instead. The "path-name-wildcard" can contain + wildcards (e.g. debs=rat* will install a packages starting with "rat" + from directory debs/). +grml scripts=path-name Execute script (defaulting to grml.sh) inside DCS dir. Path names + allowed. If path-name points to a directory, all scripts found in + the directory are executed. +grml config=path-name Unpack archive that path-name points to +grml noautoconfig Disable searching for device labeled GRMLCFG +grml nobeep Disable welcome chime, sounded before grml-quickconfig starts. + +Notice: Take a look at http://grml.org/config/ and 'man 1 grml-autoconfig' +for more information regarding the configuration framework of Grml. Booting related options: ------------------------ -grml toram Copy CD to RAM and run from there -grml tohd=/dev/hda1 Copy CD to HD partition and run from there -grml fromhd Skip checking for grml on CD-ROM -grml fromhd=/dev/hda1 Boot from previously copied CD-Image -grml bootfrom=/dev/hda1 Access Image then boot from previously - copied CD-Image -grml bootfrom=/dev/hda1/GRML.iso Access image, boot from ISO-Image -grml grml_dir=GRML Directory to search for on the CD -grml grml_name=GRML SquashFS-File to search for on the CD +grml toram Copy the whole CD/medium to RAM and run from there +grml toram=filename.squashfs Copy the specified file to RAM and run from there + Usage example: grml toram=grml-medium.squashfs + Notice: grml2ram is an alias for this option which + corresponds with the grml flavour settings by default +grml tohd=/dev/sda1 Copy Grml's squashfs file to harddisk partition for later + use via "grml bootfrom=/dev/sda1" +grml bootfrom=/dev/sda1 Use the squashfs file from directory 'live' of the specified device + Setup can be done booting 'grml tohd=/dev/sda1' or + running 'rsync -a --progress /lib/live/mount/medium/live /media/sda1/' +grml bootfrom=removable Restrict search for the live media to removable type only. +grml bootfrom=removable-usb Restrict search for the live media to usb mass storage only. +grml isofrom=/dev/sda1/grml.iso Use specified ISO image for booting + Useful when booting as a rescue system from harddisk - just boot + the according grml kernel and initrd using the bootoptions + "boot=live isofrom=/dev/sda1/grml.iso" + Notice: "fromiso" does the same as "isofrom", it's just there + to prevent any typing errors +grml findiso=/grml_2010.12.iso Look for the specified ISO file on all disks where it usually + looks for the .squashfs file (so you don't have to know the device name + as in isofrom=....). +grml fetch=$IP/filename.squashfs Download a squashfs image from a given url, copying to ram and booting it. + [Note: releases before 2011.05 didn't support DNS but IP only.] +grml live-media-path=/live/grml... Sets the path to the live filesystem on the medium + By default, it is set to /live/$GRML_FLAVOUR/ (where $GRML_FLAVOUR + is corresponding to grml64-full, grml32-full, grml64-small,... + [Note: this option is mandatory since release 2011.12] +grml module=grml Instead of using the default "$name.module" another file can + be specified without the extension ".module"; it should be placed + on "/live" directory of the live medium + Useful for Multiboot USB pen, see + http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=tips#multiboot_usb_pen +grml bootid=mybootid Use specified argument as identifier for the ISO. + mybootid is specified in /conf/bootid.txt on the ISO. + [Note: only available since release 2010.04] +grml ignore_bootid Disable bootid verification. + [Note: only available since release 2010.04] + Debugging related settings: --------------------------- -debug Get shells during process of booting +grml debug Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be verbose +grml debug=1 Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be verbose and + display shell code being executed in initramfs. +grml debug=noscreen Get shells during process of booting, verbose, but without using GNU screen grml nocolor Disable colorized output while booting -grml log Log error messages while booting and + Also set SYSTEMD_COLORS=0 to disable colors in systemd output +grml log Log error messages while booting to /tmp/grml.log.`date +%Y%m%d`" + and /var/log/boot grml testcd Check CD data integrity and md5sums +Security / login related settings: +---------------------------------- + +grml ssh=password Set password for root & grml user and start ssh-server +grml passwd=... Set password for root & grml user +grml encpasswd=.... Set specified hash as password for root & grml user, use e.g. + 'mkpasswd -H md5' to generate such a hash (available in Grml >=2013.09) + Service related settings: ------------------------- -grml ssh=password Set password for user grml and start ssh-server grml startup=script Start $script instead of grml-quickconfig on startup -grml nosyslog Do not start syslog-ng +grml nosyslog Do not start syslog daemon grml nogpm Disable GPM daemon +grml noconsolefont Disable setting of console font (using consolechars) grml noblank Disable console blanking -grml small Do not start that many consoles +grml noquick Disable grml-quickconfig startup script grml wondershaper=eth0,1000,500 Set up basic traffic shaping grml services={postfix,mysql,...} Start service(s) which have an init-script (/etc/init.d/) grml welcome Welcome message via soundoutput @@ -105,128 +179,114 @@ grml distcc=$NETWORK,$INTERFACE Activate distcc-daemon to listen on specifie grml gcc=3.4 gpp=3.4 Link /usr/bin/gcc, /usr/bin/cpp and /usr/bin/c++ to specified version grml startx{=windowmanager} Start X window system automatically Default window manager (if not provided): wm-ng (wrapper around fluxbox) +grml nostartx If using startx as default bootoption the nostartx *disables* automatic + startup of X again. (This bootoption is relevant for grml based derivatives + which decide to enable startx by default only, plain grml does not use + automatic startup of X by default.) +grml vnc=password Start VNC server with startup of X.org and sets the password to the specified + one. To automatically start the VNC server use the startx bootoption. + [Note: Grml 2011.12+ doesn't include a VNC server.] +grml vnc_connect=host[:port] Connect to a listening VNC client ("vncviewer -listen" reverse connection). + Can be used to connect from devices behind firewalls as connection is + initiated from the VNC server instead of the VNC client. Has to be + combined with the vnc bootoption. + [Note: Grml 2011.12+ doesn't include a VNC client.] Accessibility related settings: ------------------------------- -grml blind Start Braille-Terminal (no X) -grml swspeak Prepare system for use with software synthesizer through speakup - Run 'swspeak' after booting up to activate sound output grml brltty=type,port,table Parameters for Braille device (e.g.: brltty=al,/dev/ttyS0,text.de.tbl) -grml speakup_synth=... Use speakup kernel module with given hardware type + See http://mielke.cc/brltty/guidelines.html for documentation. Hardware related settings: -------------------------- grml swap Activate present/detected swap partitions grml noswraid Disable scanning for software raid arrays (creates /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf) grml swraid Enable automatic assembling of software raid arrays +grml nodmraid Do not enable present dmraid devices. +grml dmraid=on Automatically enable any present dmraid devices. +grml dmraid=off Actively try to stop any present dmraid devices. grml nolvm Disable scanning for Logical Volumes (LVM) grml lvm Automatically activate Logival Volumes (LVM) during boot -grml scandelay[=seconds] Delay accessing ISO-device (useful for booting via usb/firewire) -grml cdrom=/dev/... Use specifed device as CD-ROM device (used for mounting the grml-ISO) +grml read-only Make sure all harddisk devices (/dev/hd* /dev/sd*) are forced to read-only mode +grml ethdevice=... Use specified network device for network boot instead of default (eth0) +grml ethdevice-timeout=... Use specified network configuration timeout instead of default (15sec) grml xmodule=ati|fbdev|i810|mga Use specified X.org-Module (1) grml xmodule=nv|radeon|savage|s3 Use specified X.org-Module (2) grml xmodule=radeon|svga|i810 Use specified X.org-Module (3) -grml no{acpi,agp,apm,cpu,dhcp} Skip parts of HW-detection (1) +grml no{acpi,agp,cpu,dhcp} Skip parts of HW-detection (1) grml no{dma,fstab,modem} Skip parts of HW-detection (2) grml no{pcmcia,scsi,swap,usb} Skip parts of HW-detection (3) -grml 915resolution=... Start resolution modify tool for Intel graphic chipset - usage: $MODE,$XRESO,$YRESO -grml blacklist=modulename Completely disable loading of specified module via - blacklisting through /etc/modprobe.d/grml +grml blacklist=modulename[,module2] Completely disable loading of specified module(s) via + blacklisting through udev's /etc/modprobe.d/grml grml fwtimeout=50 Set firmware timeout via /sys/class/firmware/timeout to specified value grml nosound Mute sound devices (notice: this does not deactivate loading of sound drivers!) grml vol=number Set mixer volumes to level $number +grml micvol=number Set mixer volume of microphone to level $number (default: 0) grml pnpbios=off No PnP Bios initialization grml acpi=off Disable ACPI Bios completely -grml nousb2 Disable initialization of USB 2.x controller(s) -grml nousb Disable initialization of USB in booting sequence grml nofirewire Disable initialization of firewire devices in booting sequence grml pci=irqmask=0x0e98 Try this, if PS/2 mouse doesn't work *) grml pci=bios Workaround for bad PCI controllers grml ide2=0x180 nopcmcia Boot from PCMCIA-CD-ROM (some notebooks) grml mem=128M Specify Memory size in MByte -grml dma Enable DMA accelleration for ALL IDE-Drives -grml nodma ide=nodma Disable DMA accelleration for ALL IDE-Drives -grml vga=normal [video=ofonly] No-framebuffer mode (does not influence X) -grml vga=ask [video=ofonly] Display menu for framebuffer mode +grml libata.force=[ID:]VAL Force configurations for libata. + Usage example: grml libata.force=1:pio4 + to force pio4 mode on device "ata1:00:" +grml libata.dma=0 Disable DMA on PATA and SATA devices +grml libata.ignore_hpa=1 Disable host protected area (which should enable the whole disk) +grml vga=normal No-framebuffer mode (does not influence X) +grml vga=ask Display menu for framebuffer mode +grml radeon.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Radeon driver. +grml i915.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Intel driver. +grml nouveau.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Nouveau driver. +grml cirrus.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Cirrus driver. +grml mgag200.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for MGAG200 driver. Installation related settings: ------------------------------ -Caution: do *not* use the grml2hd and/or debian2hd bootoption if you do not know what you are doing! +Caution: do *NOT* use the debian2hd bootoption if you do not know what you are doing! Install plain Debian via debian2hd bootoption (which runs grml-debootstrap in non-interactive mode): debian2hd ... whereas valid options for debian2hd are: - target= target partition/directory of the new Debian system, e.g.: target=/dev/hda1 - grub= where to install grub to? Use grub syntax for specifying, e.g.: grub=hd0 - groot= specify root device for usage in grub (use grub syntax), e.g.: groot=hd0,0 + target= target partition/directory of the new Debian system, e.g.: target=/dev/sda1 + grub= where to install grub to, e.g.: grub=/dev/sda release= specify release of new Debian system (default is stable), e.g.: release=sid - mirror= specify mirror for apt-get/aptitude, e,g.: mirror=ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian + mirror= specify mirror for apt-get/aptitude, e,g.: mirror=http://ftp.debian.org/debian password= set passwort of user root without prompting for it, e.g.: password=AiTh5ahn Usage example for automatic installation: - debian2hd target=/dev/hda1 grub=hd0 groot=hd0,0 mirror=ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian password=foobar - - See http://grml.org/grml-debootstrap/ for more information. - -Install grml via grml2hd bootoption (which runs grml2hd in non-interactive mode): -grml2hd ... whereas valid options for grml2hd are: + debian2hd target=/dev/sda1 grub=/dev/sda mirror=http://ftp.debian.org/debian password=foobar - user= user name for user which should be used at hd-install - filesystem={ext2|ext3|reiserfs|reiser4|jfs|xfs} filesystem to be used - mbr=/dev/... partition where MBR should be installed (default:=partition) - partition=/dev/... partition where grml should be installed - - Usage example for booting: - grml2hd partition=/dev/hda4 mbr=/dev/hda filesystem=ext3 user=mika - - Passwords of user root and user are "grml" - please adjust after hd-install! - - See http://grml.org/grml2hd/ for more information. + See http://grml.org/grml-debootstrap/ for more information. Additional notes: ----------------- -*) Try "grml pci=irqmask=0x0e98" if (you have a notebook and) your -PS/2 mouse doesn't work. (Possibly caused by a BIOS-flaw on your board, -BIOS updates can help.) Sometimes, switching to the text console with -Control-Alt-F1 and back to the X-screen with Control-Alt-F7 solves the -problem without rebooting, since the X server reinitializes the mouse -driver during that procedure. - -*) Bootfrom needs access to a running grml-System with the same Kernel -as the Bootkernel, before it is able to mount the partition / ISO-Image. -This should allow a poor mans install from NTFS-Partitions and makes it -also possible to boot an ISO-Image directly. You can also use wildcards -in the ISO-Filename, but it must be unique. So: If you have just one -grml.iso on /dev/hda1 you can access it as: bootfrom=/dev/hda1/G*.iso, -but if there are several, you need to make clear, which one you want. -(Feature added by Fabian Franz.) - -*) If your grml-CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent +*) If your Grml-CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent errors like "squashfs: read error", or programs are crashing randomly, -then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, or your CD-burner -created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media. This is -the most common error reported. Please boot with "grml testcd" to check -if the CD is OK, and/or even better, verify the MD5 checksums that are -present on the mirrors before writing the CD. Check your CD low-level -via running 'readcd -c2scan dev=/dev/cdrom'. In some cases, defective -IDE controllers cause this error if you have DMA enabled. Also, please -read the grml-FAQ. +then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, your CD-burner +created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media or your +CD-ROM drive is broken. This is the most common error reported. Please +boot with "grml testcd" to check if the CD is OK, and/or even better, +verify the MD5 checksums that are present on the mirrors before writing +the CD. Check your CD low-level via running 'readcd -c2scan +dev=/dev/cdrom'. In some cases, defective IDE controllers cause this +error if you have DMA enabled. Also, please read the grml-FAQ. *) In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in - grml noagp noapm noapic acpi=off nodma + grml noagp noapic acpi=off nodma to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system. -*) Some boards apparently don't pass the proper memory size to the -linux-kernel. It may cause the message "Panic: cannot mount root file -system" and the system hangs. Use "grml mem=128M" to solve that -problem if your system has 128MByte memory for example (caution: -you MUST use a capital "M" here). +*) Some boards (especially those with E-ISA slots) apparently don't pass +the proper memory size to the linux-kernel. It may cause the message +"Panic: cannot mount root file system" and the system hangs. Use "grml +mem=128M" to solve that problem if your system has 128MByte memory for +example (caution: you MUST use a capital "M" here). *) The "myconfig=/dev/partition" option allows you to reconfigure the system after autoconfiguration by running a bourne shell script called @@ -241,15 +301,13 @@ the configuration framework of grml. -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat as option to mkisofs. Otherwise your CD won't be bootable. The -directory GRML, containig the compressed filesystem file "GRML", +directory live, containing the squashfs compressed filesystem file, must be located in the top level directory of the CD. -*) Caution: screensavers: Don't start xlock/vlock or any other screensaver -that requires a password. There are no default passwords on grml, -i.e. all accounts are LOCKED unless you explicitly set a password. -See also README_Security.txt about this issue. -Hint: If you accidentially started a screensaver switch to one of the -textconsoles by Control-Alt-F1 and kill the screensaver (or just set a -password for the grml user). Take a look at the script grml-lock. +*) Caution: screensavers: Don't start physlock or any other screensaver +that requires a password manually. There are no default passwords on +the live system - all accounts are LOCKED by default for security reasons. +Instead just invoke the script grml-lock which prompts for setting a +password. # EOF