X-Git-Url: http://git.grml.org/?p=grml2usb.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=grml2usb.8.txt;h=822341d4922587d80585910cf657cb5c3bdd8af6;hp=27782c29756cfd81a0ec07e69957784e171e2398;hb=0d8f722e4d22e8a3f579482cd7701785a1dd4359;hpb=6c6f33917acb91227ad8b5354da5a4d275c4847c diff --git a/grml2usb.8.txt b/grml2usb.8.txt index 27782c2..822341d 100644 --- a/grml2usb.8.txt +++ b/grml2usb.8.txt @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ just pressing enter on the bootprompt or wait until the boot timeout matches). [IMPORTANT] By default a compatible master boot record (MBR) is installed on the device -(being for example /dev/sdb when executing 'grml2usb grml.iso /dev/sdb1') +(being for example /dev/sdx when executing 'grml2usb grml.iso /dev/sdx1') and grub is being used as default bootloader. Avoid installation of the default MBR using the --skip-mbr option or if you encounter any problems with the default MBR consider using --syslinux-mbr instead. If bootloader @@ -34,51 +34,51 @@ grub doesn't work for you check out the --syslinux option. Options ------- -The ISO[s] might be the path to one or multiple grml-ISOs as well as the path to +The ISO[s] should be the path to one or multiple grml-ISOs and/or the path to the currently running live-system (being /live/image). -The device either might be a device name like /dev/sda1 or a directory. When +The device either might be a device name like /dev/sdx1 or a directory. When specifying a device name the device is mounted automatically. When specifying a -directory it won't be touched but instead grml2usb is assuming that you did set -up a bootloader on your own and a bootloader won't be installed automatically. +directory grml2usb is assuming that you did set up a bootloader on your own (or +don't need one) and a bootloader won't be installed automatically. The following options are supported: - *--bootoptions=...*:: + *\--bootoptions=...*:: Use specified bootoptions as default. - *--bootloader-only*:: + *\--bootloader-only*:: Do *not* copy files but instead just install a bootloader. Note that the boot addons are copied to /boot/addons at this stage as well. If you want to skip copying the boot addons consider using the --skip-addons option. - *--copy-only*:: + *\--copy-only*:: Copy files only but do *not* install a bootloader. - *--dry-run*:: + *\--dry-run*:: Avoid executing commands, instead show what would be executed. Warning: please notice that the ISO has to be mounted anyway, otherwise identifying the grml flavour would not be possible. - *--fat16*:: + *\--fat16*:: Format specified partition with FAT16. **Important:** this will destroy any existing data on the specified partition! - *--force*:: + *\--force*:: Force any (possible dangerous) actions requiring manual interaction (like --fat16). - *--help*:: + *\--help*:: Display usage information and exit. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - *--initrd=...*:: + *\--initrd=...*:: Install specified initrd instead of the default. You might want to specify option *--kernel* as well. (Be aware when using multiboot setup.) @@ -86,14 +86,14 @@ option *--kernel* as well. (Be aware when using multiboot setup.) ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - *--kernel=...*:: + *\--kernel=...*:: Install specified kernel instead of the default. You might want to specify option *--initrd* as well. (Be aware when using multiboot setup.) [Notice: not implemented yet.] ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - *--lilo-binary=...*:: + *\--lilo-binary=...*:: Use specified lilo executable for installing master boot record (MBR) when using the --syslinux-mbr option. By default any system wide (from $PATH) lilo @@ -101,57 +101,60 @@ executable is taken. If there can not be find any lilo executable the statically compiled version of the grml2usb Debian package (see /usr/share/grml2usb/lilo/lilo.static.[amd64|i386]) is taken. - *--mbr-manager=...*:: + *\--mbr-menu*:: -Install master boot record (MBR) with integrated boot manager, providing a -simple selection for specifying the device for booting from. This options is -available only when using the default MBR and won't work if using the ---syslinux-mbr option. +Install master boot record (MBR) with integrated boot menu: interactively choose +the partition to boot from, with a timeout to load the default partition, or +boot from floppy. When NOT using the --mbr-menu option a MBR with LBA and large +disc support but without an integrated boot menu is installed (so it's not +visible at all but instead directly jumps to the bootloader - being grub or +syslinux). Note: This options is available only when using the default MBR and +won't have any effect if you're using the --syslinux-mbr option. - *--quiet*:: + *\--quiet*:: Do not output anything but just errors on console. - *--skip-addons*:: + *\--skip-addons*:: Do not install /boot/addons/ files (like dos, grub, memdisk,...). - *--skip-mbr*:: + *\--skip-mbr*:: Do not touch/install the master boot record (MBR). - *--syslinux*:: + *\--syslinux*:: Install syslinux bootloader instead of the default (being grub). - *--syslinux-mbr*:: + *\--syslinux-mbr*:: -Install syslinux master boot record (MBR) instead of the default one. By -default a very compatible MBR is installed, if you encounter any problems -with it you can try using the syslinux MBR instead. If that works for you please -<> so we can adjust our default MBR accordingly. -Note: When using the --syslinux-mbr option lilo is executed before the MBR -is installed so the according partitions are set active. +Install syslinux' master boot record (MBR, which is booting from the partition +with the "active" flag set) instead of the default one. If you encounter any +problems with the default MBR you can try using the syslinux MBR instead. If +that works for you please <> so we can adjust our default MBR +accordingly. Note: When using the --syslinux-mbr option lilo is executed before +the MBR is installed so the according partitions are set active. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - *--squashfs=*:: + *\--squashfs=*:: Install specified squashfs file instead of the default. [Notice: not implemented yet.] ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - *--uninstall*:: + *\--uninstall*:: Uninstall grml ISO files. [Notice: not implemented yet.] ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - *-v*, *--version*:: + *-v*, *\--version*:: Return version and exit. - *--verbose*:: + *\--verbose*:: Enable verbose mode. @@ -224,18 +227,16 @@ Directory layout on usb device `-- logo.png live/ - |-- filesystem.module [file specifying which squashfs should be used by default] - |-- grml.squashfs [squashfs file] - |-- grml-medium.module [module specifying which squashfs should be used for grml-medium] - |-- grml-medium.squashfs [squashfs file for grml-medium] - |-- grml-small.module [...] - |-- grml-small.squashfs - |-- grml64.module - |-- grml64.squashfs - |-- grml64-medium.module - |-- grml64-medium.squashfs - |-- grml64-small.module - `-- grml64-small.squashfs + |-- grml/ + | |-- filesystem.module [module specifying which squashfs should be used for grml] + | `-- grml.squashfs [squashfs file for grml] + |-- grml-medium/ + | |-- filesystem.module [module specifying which squashfs should be used for grml-medium] + | `-- grml-medium.squashfs [squashfs file for grml-medium] + |-- grml-small/ + | |-- filesystem.module [module specifying which squashfs should be used for grml-medium] + | `-- grml-small.squashfs [squashfs file for grml-small] + `-- ... Grabbing the source ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -262,13 +263,13 @@ or: Finally create a filesystem and execute grml2usb as needed: # mkfs.vfat /dev/loop1 - # grml2usb --bootloader-only /grml/isos/grml-small_2008.11.iso /dev/loop1 + # grml2usb --bootloader-only /grml/isos/grml-small_2009.05.iso /dev/loop1 Performance tracing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - # blktrace -d /dev/sdb -o - | blkparse -i - - # grml2usb grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1 + # blktrace -d /dev/sdx -o - | blkparse -i - + # grml2usb grml_2009.05.iso /dev/sdx1 [[X6]] Troubleshooting and Pitfalls when booting @@ -315,6 +316,21 @@ isolinux/syslinux fixes the problem. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) -------------------------------- +[[X5]] +Where can I get grml2usb? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +grml2usb is available as Debian package via link:http://deb.grml.org/[the +grml-testing Debian repository]. Please make sure you really have the Debian +package installed as having just the grml2usb script available is definitely +*NOT* enough! + +If you do NOT have a Debian based system but still want to be able to use +grml2usb you can use the provided +link:http://grml.org/grml2usb/grml2usb.tgz[http://grml.org/grml2usb/grml2usb.tgz] +(link:http://grml.org/grml2usb/grml2usb.tgz.md5.asc[gpg signed md5 hash]). +Download and extract the tarball and execute the provided script 'install.sh'. + What's the difference between grml2hd and grml2usb? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -324,11 +340,11 @@ harddisk immediately. grml2usb copies just the compressed chroot filesystem (being the squashfs file), some further informational files and a bootloader to your device. This way you don't need as much space as with a harddisk installation (just a USB device with >=ISO size) and when rebooting the system -your changes will be lost (even though a persistent root feature is -work-in-progress). Think of using a better CD version: booting is (usually) -faster, you don't need to burn a new CD when a new ISO version arrives (just -install the new ISO using grml2usb) and you can carry additional files on a -writable medium with yourself. +your changes will be lost (unless you are using the persistency feature, see +link:http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=persistency[http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=persistency]). +Think of using a better CD version: booting is (usually) faster, you don't need +to burn a new CD when a new ISO version arrives (just install the new ISO using +grml2usb) and you can carry additional files on a writable medium with yourself. Why is there a menu.lst and a grub.cfg inside /boot/grub/? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -346,12 +362,51 @@ Check whether the partition has the right partition type. For example do NOT use FAT16 (partition type 6) when using a ext3 filesystem on the partition but instead use the correct partition type ('83' - Linux) then. +grub-install complains about /sbin/grub-install and/or xfs_freeze?! +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The following message: + + You shouldn't call /sbin/grub-install. Please call /usr/sbin/grub-install instead! + xfs_freeze: specified file ["/tmp/tmpqaBK6z/boot/grub"] is not on an XFS filesystem + +... is "normal". grub-install sends those messages to stderr. To avoid hiding any +possible real error messages grml2usb doesn't ignore those messages. + +grub-install complains about /boot/grub/device.map?! +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The following message: + + grub-probe: error: Cannot open `/boot/grub/device.map' + +... is "normal" (at least with grub1). This isn't a problem, because the +device.map file will be generated on the target device anyway. + +grub-install complains about a unary operator?! +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The following message: + + '/usr/sbin/grub-install: line 374: [: =: unary operator expected' + +... is "normal". Just ignore it. + +I'm getting something like "Error: /usr/share/grml2usb/grub/splash.xpm.gz can not be read"!? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Looks like you've only the grml2usb script itself available. Please make sure +you've the grml2usb Debian package installed. The most resent stable version is +available via link:http://deb.grml.org/[the grml-testing Debian repository]. If +you do not have a Debian system please see section <> in this FAQ. + Why do I have to use a FAT16 filesystem? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -You have to use a FAT16 filesystem only if you consider using syslinux, Syslinux +You have to use a FAT16 filesystem only if you consider using syslinux. Syslinux (currently) does not support any other filesystems. If you want to use another -filesystem (like ext2/3) just don't use syslinux (drop the --syslinux option) +filesystem (like ext2/3) just don't use syslinux (drop the \--syslinux option) but use the default bootloader (grub) instead. I think I've got a really cool idea! @@ -371,50 +426,59 @@ I've found a bug! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Please <>. Please provide usage examples and output -of your grml2usb commandline (consider using the "--verbose" option). +of your grml2usb commandline (consider using the "\--verbose" option). Usage examples -------------- - # grml2usb /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1 + # grml2usb /home/grml/grml_2009.05.iso /dev/sdx1 -Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1. +Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1. - # grml2usb /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /home/grml/grml_small_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1 + # grml2usb /home/grml/grml_2009.05.iso /home/grml/grml_small_2009.05.iso /dev/sdx1 -Install specified ISOs on device /dev/sdb1 for multibooting ISOs. +Install specified ISOs on device /dev/sdx1 for multibooting ISOs. Note: boot "grml" as usual, for booting grml-small use "grml-small on the bootprompt, for grml64 use "grml64" and so on... The *first* specified ISO is the one being the default (when just pressing enter or waiting until the timeout is reached). - # grml2usb --fat16 /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1 + # grml2usb /live/image /dev/sdx1 + +Install currently running grml live system on device /dev/sdx1. -Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1 and format partition /dev/sdb1 with + # grml2usb /live/image /home/grml/grml_2009.05.iso /dev/sdx1 + +Install currently running grml live system and the specified +ISO on device /dev/sdx1 for multibooting. + + # grml2usb --fat16 /home/grml/grml_2009.05.iso /dev/sdx1 + +Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1 and format partition /dev/sdx1 with FAT16 filesystem. - # grml2usb --syslinux /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1 + # grml2usb --syslinux /home/grml/grml_2009.05.iso /dev/sdx1 -Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1 and use syslinux as bootloader +Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1 and use syslinux as bootloader (instead of grub being the default). -///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// # grml2usb --kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.28-grml --initrd=/boot/initrd.img-2.6.28-grml \ - /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1 + /home/grml/grml_2009.05.iso /dev/sdx1 -Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1 but use given kernel and initrd +Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1 but use given kernel and initrd instead of the ones provided by the ISO. # grml2usb --squashfs=/grml/grml-live/grml_cd/live/grml.squashfs \ - /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1 -///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// + /home/grml/grml_2009.05.iso /dev/sdx1 -Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1 but use given squashfs +Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1 but use given squashfs file instead of the one provided by the ISO. +/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// - # grml2usb --bootoptions="lang=de ssh=mysecret" grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1 + # grml2usb --bootoptions="lang=de ssh=mysecret" grml_2009.05.iso /dev/sdx1 -Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1 and use "lang=de ssh=mysecret" as +Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1 and use "lang=de ssh=mysecret" as default bootoptions. 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