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734 <body class="article">
\r
736 <h1>grml-live(8)</h1>
\r
738 <div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
739 <noscript><p><b>JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to display the table of contents.</b></p></noscript>
743 <div class="sect1">
\r
744 <h2 id="_name">1. Name</h2>
\r
745 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
746 <div class="paragraph"><p>grml-live - build framework based on FAI for generating a Grml and Debian based
\r
747 Linux Live system (CD/ISO)</p></div>
\r
750 <div class="sect1">
\r
751 <h2 id="_synopsis">2. Synopsis</h2>
\r
752 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
753 <div class="paragraph"><p>grml-live [-a <architecture>] [-c <classe[s]>] [-C <configfile>] [
\r
754 -e <extract_iso_name>] [-g <grml_name>] [-i <iso_name>] [
\r
755 -o <output_directory>] [-r <release_name>] [-s <suite>] [
\r
756 -t <template_directory>] [-v <version_number>] [-U <username>] [
\r
757 -AbBFnNqQuVz]</p></div>
\r
760 <div class="sect1">
\r
761 <h2 id="_description">3. Description</h2>
\r
762 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
763 <div class="paragraph"><p>grml-live provides the build system for creating a Grml and Debian based Linux
\r
764 Live-CD. The build system is based on
\r
765 <a href="http://fai-project.org/">FAI</a> (Fully Automatic
\r
766 Installation). grml-live uses the "fai dirinstall" feature to generate a chroot
\r
767 system based on the class concept of FAI (see later sections for further
\r
768 details) and provides the framework to be able to generate a full-featured ISO.
\r
769 It does not use all the FAI features by default though and you don’t have to
\r
770 know FAI to be able to use it.</p></div>
\r
771 <div class="paragraph"><p>The use of FAI gives you the flexibility to choose the packages you would like
\r
772 to include on your very own Linux Live-CD without having to deal with all the
\r
773 details of a build process.</p></div>
\r
774 <div class="admonitionblock">
\r
777 <img src="./images/icons/caution.png" alt="Caution" />
\r
779 <td class="content">grml-live does <strong>not</strong> use /etc/fai for configuration but instead
\r
780 (unless overridden using the <em>'-D</em>' option). This ensures that it does not clash
\r
781 with default FAI configuration and packages, so you can use grml-live and FAI
\r
782 completely independent at the same time!</td>
\r
785 <div class="admonitionblock">
\r
788 <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
\r
790 <td class="content">Please notice that you should have a fast network connection as all the Debian
\r
791 packages will be downloaded and installed via network. If you want to use a
\r
792 local mirror (strongly recommended if you plan to use grml-live more than once)
\r
793 checkout mkdebmirror (see /usr/share/doc/grml-live/examples/mkdebmirror),
\r
794 debmirror(1), reprepro(1) (see /usr/share/doc/grml-live/examples/reprepro/ for a
\r
795 sample configuration), apt-cacher(1) and approx(8). To avoid downloading the
\r
796 base system again and again check out <a href="#create-a-base-tgz">the base tar.gz feature</a>.</td>
\r
801 <div class="sect1">
\r
802 <h2 id="_options">4. Options</h2>
\r
803 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
804 <div class="dlist"><dl>
\r
805 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
810 Clean up all output directories before running the build process. After finishing,
\r
811 clean up the Chroot target and Build target directories.
\r
814 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
815 -a <strong>ARCHITECTURE</strong>
\r
819 Use the specified architecture instead of the currently running one. This
\r
820 allows building a 32bit system on a 64bit host (though you can’t build a 64bit
\r
821 system on a 32bit system/kernel of course). Please notice that real
\r
822 crosscompiling (like building a ppc system on x86) isn’t possible due to the
\r
823 nature and the need of working in a chroot. Currently supported values: i386
\r
827 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
832 Build the ISO without updating the chroot via FAI. This option is useful for
\r
833 example when working on stable releases: if you have a working base
\r
834 system/chroot and do not want to execute any further updates (via "-u" option)
\r
835 but intend to only build the ISO.
\r
838 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
843 Build the ISO without touching the chroot at all. This option is useful if
\r
844 you modified anything that FAI or grml-live might adjust via Grml’s FAI
\r
845 scripts. It’s like the <em>-b</em> option but even more advanced. Use only if you
\r
846 really know that you do not want to update the chroot.
\r
849 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
850 -c <strong>CLASSES</strong>
\r
854 Specify the CLASSES to be used for building the ISO via FAI. By default only
\r
855 the classes GRMLBASE, GRML_FULL and I386/AMD64 (depending on system
\r
856 architecture) are assumed, resulting in a base system of about 350MB
\r
857 total ISO size. If using a non-I386 system (like AMD64) you should specify the
\r
858 appropriate architecture as well. Additionally you can specify a class providing
\r
859 a grml-kernel (see <a href="#classes">the <em>CLASSES</em> section in this document</a> for
\r
860 details about available classes). So instead of GRML_FULL you can also use
\r
861 GRML_SMALL and GRML_FULL.
\r
865 <div class="admonitionblock">
\r
868 <img src="./images/icons/important.png" alt="Important" />
\r
870 <td class="content">All class names should be written in uppercase letters. Do not use a dash, use
\r
871 an underscore. So do not use "amd64" but "AMD64", do not use "FOO BAR" but
\r
875 <div class="dlist"><dl>
\r
876 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
877 -C <strong>CONFIGURATION_FILE</strong>
\r
881 The specified file is used as configuration file for grml-live. By default
\r
882 /etc/grml/grml-live.conf is used as default configuration. If a file named
\r
883 /etc/grml/grml-live.local exists it is used as well (sourced after reading
\r
884 /etc/grml/grml-live.conf meant as main file for local configuration). As a last
\r
885 option the specified configuration file is sourced so it is possible to override
\r
886 settings of /etc/grml/grml-live.conf as well as of /etc/grml/grml-live.local.
\r
887 Please notice that all configuration files have to be adjusted during execution
\r
888 of grml-live, so please make sure you use /etc/grml/grml-live.conf as a base for
\r
889 your own configuration file (usually /etc/grml/grml-live.local). Please also
\r
890 notice that the configuration file specified via this option is <strong>not</strong> (yet)
\r
891 /etc/grml/grml-live.local for configuration stuff used inside
\r
894 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
895 -d <strong>DATE</strong>
\r
899 Use specified date as build date information on the ISO instead of the default.
\r
900 The default is the date when grml-live is being executed (retrieved via
\r
901 executing <em>date +%Y-%m-%d</em>). The information is stored inside the file
\r
902 /GRML/grml-version on the ISO, /etc/grml_version in the squashfs file and in all
\r
903 the bootsplash related files. This option is useful if you want to provide an
\r
904 ISO with release information for a specific date but have to build it in
\r
905 advance. Usage example: <em>-d 2009-10-30</em>
\r
908 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
909 -D <strong>CONFIGURATION_DIRECTORY</strong>
\r
913 The specified directory is used as configuration directory for grml-live and its
\r
914 FAI. By default /etc/grml/fai is used as default configuration directory. If
\r
915 you want to have different configuration scripts, package definitions, etc. with
\r
916 without messing with the global configuration under /etc/grml/fai provided by
\r
917 grml-live this option provides you the option to use your own configuration
\r
918 throughout this documentation.
\r
921 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
922 -e <strong>EXTRACT_ISO_NAME</strong>
\r
926 The squashfs inside the specified ISO will be extracted and used as the chroot.
\r
927 This option is useful for remastering, in combination with -A and -b or -u.
\r
930 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
935 Force execution and do not prompt for acknowledgment of configuration.
\r
938 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
939 -g <strong>GRML_NAME</strong>
\r
943 Set the grml flavour name. Common usage examples: grml, grml-small, grml64.
\r
944 Please do NOT use blanks and any special characters like <em>/</em>, <em>;</em> inside
\r
945 GRML_NAME, otherwise you might notice problems while booting.
\r
948 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
953 Display short usage information and exit.
\r
956 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
957 -i <strong>ISO_NAME</strong>
\r
961 Specify name of ISO which will be available inside $OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/grml_isos
\r
965 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
966 -I <strong>CHROOT_INSTALL</strong>
\r
970 Specify name of source directory which provides files that should become part of
\r
971 the chroot/ISO. Not enabled by default. Note: the files are installed under <em>/</em>
\r
972 in the chroot so you have to create the rootfs structure on your own.
\r
975 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
980 Skip creation of the ISO file. This option is useful if you want to build/update
\r
981 the chroot and/or recreate the squashfs file without building an ISO file.
\r
984 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
989 Bootstrap the chroot without building bootloader, squashfs, or finalizing the
\r
990 ISO. Use this option if installation of some packages fails, you want to run
\r
991 custom commands or similar.
\r
992 The main use of this option is to save time by skipping stages which aren’t
\r
993 necessary for bootstrapping the chroot and which would get executed more than
\r
994 once when iterating through the initial bootstrapping.
\r
995 Alternatively, use this option as a test run of grml-live. Once you are
\r
996 satisfied with the state of your grml_chroot, use grml-live <strong>-u</strong> to build the
\r
997 remaining stages and finalize the ISO.
\r
1000 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1001 -o <strong>OUTPUT_DIRECTORY</strong>
\r
1005 Main output directory of the build process of FAI. Some directories are created
\r
1006 inside this target directory, being: grml_cd (where the files for creating the
\r
1007 ISO are located, including the compressed squashfs file), grml_chroot (the
\r
1008 chroot system) and grml_isos (where the resulting ISO is stored).
\r
1011 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1016 Build the ISO without (re-)creating the squashfs compressed file using mksquashfs.
\r
1017 This option is useful if you just want to update parts outside the chroot in the ISO.
\r
1018 Consider combining this option with the build-only option <em>-b</em>.
\r
1021 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1026 Build the ISO without generating a netboot package.
\r
1029 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1030 -r <strong>RELEASENAME</strong>
\r
1034 Specify name of the release.
\r
1037 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1038 -s <strong>SUITE</strong>
\r
1042 Specify the Debian suite you want to use for your live-system. If unset defaults
\r
1043 to "testing". Supported values are: stable, testing, unstable (or their
\r
1044 corresponding release names like "wheezy"). Please be aware that recent Debian
\r
1045 suites might require a recent base.tgz
\r
1049 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1050 -t <strong>TEMPLATE_DIRECTORY</strong>
\r
1054 Specify place of the templates used for building the ISO. By default
\r
1055 (and if not manually specified) this is /usr/share/grml-live/templates/.
\r
1058 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1063 Update existing chroot instead of rebuilding it from scratch. This option is
\r
1064 based on the softupdate feature of FAI.
\r
1067 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1068 -U <strong>USERNAME</strong>
\r
1072 Sets ownership of all build output files to specified username before exiting.
\r
1075 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1076 -v <strong>VERSION_NUMBER</strong>
\r
1080 Specify version number of the release.
\r
1083 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1088 Increase verbosity in the build process.
\r
1091 <dt class="hdlist1">
\r
1096 Use ZLIB instead of LZMA/XZ compression in mksquashfs part of the build process.
\r
1102 <div class="sect1">
\r
1103 <h2 id="usage-examples">5. Usage examples</h2>
\r
1104 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1105 <div class="paragraph"><p>To get a Debian-stable and Grml-based Live-CD using /grml/grml-live
\r
1106 as build and output directory just run:</p></div>
\r
1107 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1108 <div class="content">
\r
1109 <pre><code># grml-live</code></pre>
\r
1111 <div class="paragraph"><p>To get a 64bit Debian-testing and grml-small based Live-CD using /srv/grml-live
\r
1112 as build and output directory use the following command line on your amd64
\r
1114 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1115 <div class="content">
\r
1116 <pre><code># grml-live -s testing -c GRMLBASE,GRML_SMALL,AMD64 -o /srv/grml-live</code></pre>
\r
1118 <div class="admonitionblock">
\r
1121 <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
\r
1123 <td class="content">If you have enough RAM, just run "mount -t tmpfs none /media/ramdisk" to get a
\r
1124 tmpfs ("RAMDISK"), and use /media/ramdisk as build and output directory - this
\r
1125 results in a very fast build process. Note that these files will be gone when
\r
1131 <div class="sect1">
\r
1132 <h2 id="main-features">6. Main features of grml-live</h2>
\r
1133 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1134 <div class="ulist"><ul>
\r
1137 create a Grml-/Debian-based Linux Live-CD with one single command
\r
1142 class based concept, providing a maximum of flexibility
\r
1147 supports integration of own hooks, scripts and configuration
\r
1152 supports use and integration of own Software and/or Kernels via simple use of
\r
1153 Debian repositories
\r
1158 native support of FAI features
\r
1164 <div class="sect1">
\r
1165 <h2 id="class-concept">7. The class concept</h2>
\r
1166 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1167 <div class="paragraph"><p>grml-live uses FAI and its class based concept for adjusting configuration and
\r
1168 setup according to your needs. This gives you flexibility and strength without
\r
1169 losing the simplicity in the build process.</p></div>
\r
1170 <div class="paragraph"><p>The main and base class provided by grml-live is named GRMLBASE. It’s strongly
\r
1171 recommended to <strong>always</strong> use the class GRMLBASE when building an ISO using
\r
1172 grml-live, as well as the architecture dependent class which provides the kernel
\r
1173 (being <em>I386</em> for x86_32 and <em>AMD64</em> for x86_64) and a GRML_* class (like
\r
1174 GRML_SMALL, GRML_MEDIUM or GRML_FULL). The following files and directories are
\r
1175 relevant for class GRMLBASE by default:</p></div>
\r
1176 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1177 <div class="content">
\r
1178 <pre><code>${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/scripts/GRMLBASE/
\r
1179 ${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/debconf/GRMLBASE
\r
1180 ${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/class/GRMLBASE.var
\r
1181 ${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/hooks/instsoft.GRMLBASE
\r
1182 ${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/package_config/GRMLBASE</code></pre>
\r
1184 <div class="paragraph"><p>Take a look at the next section for information about the concept of those
\r
1185 files/directories.</p></div>
\r
1186 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to use your own configuration, extend an existing configuration
\r
1187 and/or add additional packages to your ISO just invent a new class (or extend an
\r
1188 existing one). For example if you want to use your own class named "FOOBAR" just
\r
1189 set CLASSES="GRMLBASE,GRML_SMALL,AMD64,FOOBAR" inside /etc/grml/grml-live.local
\r
1190 or invoke grml-live using the classes option: "grml-live -c
\r
1191 GRMLBASE,GRML_SMALL,AMD64,FOOBAR …".</p></div>
\r
1192 <div class="paragraph"><p>More details regarding the class concept can be found in the documentation of
\r
1193 FAI itself (being available at /usr/share/doc/fai-doc/).</p></div>
\r
1196 <div class="sect1">
\r
1197 <h2 id="classes">8. Available classes</h2>
\r
1198 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1199 <div class="paragraph"><p>The package selection part of the classes can be found in
\r
1200 selected. The following classes are predefined:</p></div>
\r
1201 <div class="ulist"><ul>
\r
1204 DEBORPHAN: get rid of all packages listed in output of deborphan
\r
1209 FRESHCLAM: execute freshclam (if it’s present) to update clamav definitions
\r
1210 (increases resulting ISO size ~70MB). By default it’s skipped to avoid bigger
\r
1216 GRMLBASE: the main class responsible for getting a minimal subset of what’s
\r
1217 defining a Grml system. Important parts of the buildprocess are specified in
\r
1218 this class as well, so unless you have a really good reason you should always
\r
1224 GRML_FULL: full featured Grml, also known as the "normal", full grml as
\r
1225 introduced in December 2011 (~350MB ISO size).
\r
1230 GRML_MEDIUM: medium sized Grml version, used to be known as grml-medium
\r
1231 until December 2011 (~220MB ISO size).
\r
1236 GRML_SMALL: minimum sized Grml version, known as grml-small (~110MB ISO
\r
1242 GRML_XL: large size Grml version, used to be known as "full grml" until
\r
1243 December 2011 (~700MB ISO size).
\r
1248 LATEX: LaTeX(-related) packages like auctex, texlive,…
\r
1249 (which used to be shipped by grml before the LaTeX removal)
\r
1254 LATEX_CLEANUP: get rid of several very large LaTeX directories
\r
1255 (like some /usr/share/doc/texlive-*, /usr/share/doc/texmf,…)
\r
1260 LOCALES: use full featured locales setup (see /etc/locale.gen.grml). This
\r
1261 avoids to get rid of /usr/share/locale - which happens by default otherwise - as
\r
1267 NO_ONLINE: do not run scripts during the chroot build process which require a
\r
1268 network connection
\r
1273 RELEASE: run some specific scripts and commands to provide the workflow for an
\r
1274 official grml release
\r
1279 REMOVE_DOCS: get rid of documentation directories (like /usr/share/doc,
\r
1280 /usr/share/man/, /usr/share/info,…)
\r
1285 SOURCES: retrieve Debian source packages after installation. Files will be
\r
1286 placed in the output directory under grml_sources.
\r
1291 XORG: providing important packages for use with a base grml-featured X.org
\r
1298 <div class="sect1">
\r
1299 <h2 id="files">9. Files</h2>
\r
1300 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1301 <div class="paragraph"><p>Notice that grml-live ships FAI configuration files that do not use the same
\r
1302 namespace as the FAI packages itself. This ensures that grml-live does not clash
\r
1303 with your usual FAI configuration, so instead of /etc/fai/fai.conf (package
\r
1304 below. To get an idea how another configuration or example files could look like
\r
1305 check out /usr/share/doc/fai-doc/examples/simple/ (provided by Debian package
\r
1306 fai-doc). Furthermore /usr/share/doc/fai-doc/fai-guide.html/ch-config.html
\r
1307 provides documentation regarding configuration possibilities.</p></div>
\r
1308 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1309 <div class="content">
\r
1310 <pre><code>/usr/sbin/grml-live</code></pre>
\r
1312 <div class="paragraph"><p>Script for the main build process. Requires root permissions for execution.</p></div>
\r
1313 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1314 <div class="content">
\r
1315 <pre><code>/etc/grml/grml-live.conf</code></pre>
\r
1317 <div class="paragraph"><p>Main configuration file for grml-live which should be considered as a reference
\r
1318 configuration file only. Please use /etc/grml/grml-live.local for local
\r
1319 configuration instead.</p></div>
\r
1320 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1321 <div class="content">
\r
1322 <pre><code>/etc/grml/grml-live.local</code></pre>
\r
1324 <div class="paragraph"><p>All the local configuration should go to this file. This file overrides any
\r
1325 defaults of grml-live. Configurations via /etc/grml/grml-live.local are preferred
\r
1326 over the ones from /etc/grml/grml-live.conf. If you want to override settings
\r
1327 from /etc/grml/grml-live.local as well you have to specify them on the grml-live
\r
1328 commandline.</p></div>
\r
1329 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1330 <div class="content">
\r
1331 <pre><code>${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/fai.conf</code></pre>
\r
1333 <div class="paragraph"><p>Main configuration file for FAI which specifies where all the configuration
\r
1334 files and scripts for FAI/grml-live can be found. By default the configuration
\r
1335 variables are FAI_CONFIG_SRC=file:///etc/grml/fai/config and
\r
1336 GRML_FAI_CONFIG=/etc/grml/fai/config - both pointing to a directory shipped by
\r
1337 grml-live out-of-the-box so you shouldn’t have to configure anything in this
\r
1339 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1340 <div class="content">
\r
1341 <pre><code>${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/</code></pre>
\r
1343 <div class="paragraph"><p>The main directory for configuration of FAI/grml-live. More details below.</p></div>
\r
1344 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1345 <div class="content">
\r
1346 <pre><code>${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/class/</code></pre>
\r
1348 <div class="paragraph"><p>This directory contains files which specify main configuration variables for the
\r
1349 FAI classes.</p></div>
\r
1350 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1351 <div class="content">
\r
1352 <pre><code>${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/debconf/</code></pre>
\r
1354 <div class="paragraph"><p>This directory provides the files for preseeding/configuration of debconf
\r
1355 through files.</p></div>
\r
1356 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1357 <div class="content">
\r
1358 <pre><code>${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/hooks/</code></pre>
\r
1360 <div class="paragraph"><p>This directory provides files for customising the build process through hooks.
\r
1361 Hooks are user defined programs or scripts, which are called during the
\r
1362 installation process.</p></div>
\r
1363 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1364 <div class="content">
\r
1365 <pre><code>${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/package_config/</code></pre>
\r
1367 <div class="paragraph"><p>Directory with lists of software packages to be installed or removed. The
\r
1368 different classes describe what should find its way to your ISO. When running
\r
1369 "grml-live -c GRMLBASE,GRML_SMALL,AMD64 …" only the configuration of GRMLBASE,
\r
1370 GRML_SMALL and and AMD64 will be taken. If you use <em>grml-live -c
\r
1371 GRMLBASE,GRML_SMALL,AMD64,FOOBAR …</em> then the files of GRMLBASE, GRML_SMALL,
\r
1372 AMD64 <strong>plus</strong> the files from FOOBAR will be taken. So just create a new class to
\r
1373 adjust the package selection according to your needs. Please notice that the
\r
1374 directory GRMLBASE contains a package list defining a minimum but still
\r
1375 reasonable package configuration.</p></div>
\r
1376 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1377 <div class="content">
\r
1378 <pre><code>${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/config/scripts/</code></pre>
\r
1380 <div class="paragraph"><p>Scripts for customising the ISO within the build process.</p></div>
\r
1381 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1382 <div class="content">
\r
1383 <pre><code>${GRML_FAI_CONFIG}/live-initramfs/</code></pre>
\r
1385 <div class="paragraph"><p>This directory provides the files used for building the initramfs/initrd via
\r
1386 live-initramfs(8).</p></div>
\r
1389 <div class="sect1">
\r
1390 <h2 id="log-files">10. Available log files</h2>
\r
1391 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1392 <div class="paragraph"><p>Starting with grml-live version 0.17.0 you should find log files in a directory
\r
1393 named <em>grml_logs</em> in the output directory (next to grml_isos, grml_chroot,…).</p></div>
\r
1394 <div class="paragraph"><p>grml-live versions before 0.17.0 used to log into /var/log/grml-live.log
\r
1395 and /var/log/fai/grml.</p></div>
\r
1398 <div class="sect1">
\r
1399 <h2 id="requirements">11. Requirements for the build system</h2>
\r
1400 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1401 <div class="ulist"><ul>
\r
1404 any Debian based system should be sufficient (if it doesn’t work it’s a bug,
\r
1405 please send us a bug report then). Check out <a href="#deploy-on-debian">How do I deploy grml-live on a plain Debian installation</a> for details how to set up grml-live
\r
1406 on a plain, original Debian system.
\r
1411 enough free disk space; at least 800MB are required for a minimal grml-live
\r
1412 run (~400MB for the chroot [$CHROOT_OUTPUT], ~150MB for the build target
\r
1413 [$BUILD_OUTPUT] and \~150MB for the resulting ISO [$ISO_OUTPUT] plus some
\r
1414 temporary files), if you plan to use GRML_FULL you should have at least 4GB of
\r
1415 total free disk space
\r
1420 fast network access for retrieving the Debian packages used for creating the
\r
1421 chroot (check out "local mirror" to workaround this problem as far as possible)
\r
1425 <div class="paragraph"><p>For further information see next section.</p></div>
\r
1428 <div class="sect1">
\r
1429 <h2 id="current_state">12. Current state of grml-live with squashfs-tools and kernel</h2>
\r
1430 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1431 <div class="paragraph"><p>Use squashfs-tools >=4.2-1 (available from Grml repositories as well as from
\r
1432 Debian) to build Grml (based) ISOs featuring kernel version 2.6.38-grml[64] or
\r
1436 <div class="sect1">
\r
1437 <h2 id="faq">13. FAQ</h2>
\r
1438 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1439 <div class="sect2">
\r
1440 <h3 id="deploy-on-debian">13.1. How do I deploy grml-live on a plain Debian installation?</h3>
\r
1441 <div class="paragraph"><p>The easiest way to get a running grml-live setup is to just use Grml.
\r
1442 Of course using grml-live on a plain, original Debian installation is supported
\r
1443 as well. So there we go.</p></div>
\r
1444 <div class="paragraph"><p>What we have: plain, original Debian wheezy (7.x).</p></div>
\r
1445 <div class="paragraph"><p>What we want: build a Grml ISO based on Debian/wheezy for the amd64 architecture
\r
1446 using grml-live.</p></div>
\r
1447 <div class="sect3">
\r
1448 <h4 id="_instructions">13.1.1. Instructions</h4>
\r
1449 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1450 <div class="content">
\r
1451 <pre><code># adjust sources.list:
\r
1452 cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list << EOF</code></pre>
\r
1454 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1455 <div class="content">
\r
1456 <pre><code># grml stable repository:
\r
1457 deb http://deb.grml.org/ grml-stable main
\r
1458 # deb-src http://deb.grml.org/ grml-stable main</code></pre>
\r
1460 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1461 <div class="content">
\r
1462 <pre><code># grml testing/development repository:
\r
1463 deb http://deb.grml.org/ grml-testing main
\r
1464 # deb-src http://deb.grml.org/ grml-testing main
\r
1467 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1468 <div class="content">
\r
1469 <pre><code># get keyring for apt:
\r
1471 apt-get --allow-unauthenticated install grml-debian-keyring</code></pre>
\r
1473 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1474 <div class="content">
\r
1475 <pre><code># optionally(!) install basefile so we don't have to build basic
\r
1476 # chroot from scratch, grab from http://daily.grml.org/
\r
1477 # mkdir -p /etc/grml/fai/config/basefiles/
\r
1478 # mv I386.tar.gz /etc/grml/fai/config/basefiles/
\r
1479 # mv AMD64.tar.gz /etc/grml/fai/config/basefiles/</code></pre>
\r
1481 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1482 <div class="content">
\r
1483 <pre><code># install relevant tools
\r
1484 apt-get --no-install-recommends install grml-live</code></pre>
\r
1486 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1487 <div class="content">
\r
1488 <pre><code># adjust grml-live configuration for our needs:
\r
1489 cat > /etc/grml/grml-live.local << EOF
\r
1490 ## want a faster build process and don't need smaller ISOs?
\r
1491 ## if so use zlib compression
\r
1492 # SQUASHFS_OPTIONS="-comp gzip -b 256k"
\r
1493 ## want to use a specific squashfs binary?
\r
1494 # SQUASHFS_BINARY='/usr/bin/mksquashfs'
\r
1495 ## install local files into the chroot
\r
1496 # CHROOT_INSTALL="/etc/grml/fai/chroot_install"
\r
1497 ## adjust if necessary (defaults to /grml/grml-live):
\r
1498 ## OUTPUT="/srv/grml-live"
\r
1499 FAI_DEBOOTSTRAP="wheezy http://http.debian.net/debian/"
\r
1501 CLASSES="GRMLBASE,GRML_FULL,AMD64"
\r
1504 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1505 <div class="content">
\r
1506 <pre><code># just optional(!) - upgrade FAI to latest available version:
\r
1507 cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/fai.list << EOF
\r
1508 deb http://jenkins.grml.org/debian fai main
\r
1509 deb-src http://jenkins.grml.org/debian fai main
\r
1512 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1513 <div class="content">
\r
1514 <pre><code># get gpg key of FAI repos and install current FAI version:
\r
1515 wget -O - http://jenkins.grml.org/debian/C525F56752D4A654.asc | sudo apt-key add -
\r
1517 apt-get install fai-client fai-server fai-doc</code></pre>
\r
1519 <div class="paragraph"><p>That’s it. Now invoking <em>grml-live -V</em> should build the ISO. If everything
\r
1520 worked as expected the last line of the shell output should look like:</p></div>
\r
1521 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1522 <div class="content">
\r
1523 <pre><code>[*] Successfully finished execution of grml-live [running 687 seconds]</code></pre>
\r
1525 <div class="paragraph"><p>and the ISO can be found inside /grml-live/grml-live/grml_isos/ then.</p></div>
\r
1528 <div class="sect2">
\r
1529 <h3 id="grml_fai_config_variable">13.2. What is $GRML_FAI_CONFIG?</h3>
\r
1530 <div class="paragraph"><p>The variable <em>$GRML_FAI_CONFIG</em> is pointing to the directory /etc/grml/fai by
\r
1531 default. To provide you a maximum of flexibility you can set up your own
\r
1532 configuration directory (e.g. based on /etc/grml/fai) and use this directory
\r
1533 running grml-live with the <em>-D <config_dir></em> option. Now <em>$GRML_FAI_CONFIG</em>
\r
1534 points to the specified directory instead of using /etc/grml/fai and all the
\r
1535 configuration files, scripts and hooks will be taken from your
\r
1536 <em>$GRML_FAI_CONFIG</em> directory.</p></div>
\r
1538 <div class="sect2">
\r
1539 <h3 id="how-to-debug">13.3. I’ve problems with the build process. How to start debugging?</h3>
\r
1540 <div class="paragraph"><p>Check out the logs inside the directory <em>grml_logs</em> next to your grml_chroot,
\r
1541 grml_isos,… directories.</p></div>
\r
1542 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you need help with grml-live or would like to see new features as part of
\r
1543 grml-live you can get commercial support via
\r
1544 <a href="http://grml-solutions.com/">Grml Solutions</a>.</p></div>
\r
1546 <div class="sect2">
\r
1547 <h3 id="install-local-files">13.4. How do I install further files into the chroot/ISO?</h3>
\r
1548 <div class="paragraph"><p>Just point the configuration variable CHROOT_INSTALL to the directory which
\r
1549 provides the files you would like to install. Note that the files are installed
\r
1550 under <em>/</em> in the chroot - so you have to create the rootfs structure on your
\r
1551 own. Usage example:</p></div>
\r
1552 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1553 <div class="content">
\r
1554 <pre><code>echo "CHROOT_INSTALL=\$GRML_FAI_CONFIG/chroot_install" >> /etc/grml/grml-live.local
\r
1555 mkdir -p /etc/grml/fai/chroot_install/usr/src/
\r
1556 wget example.org/foo.tar.gz
\r
1557 mv foo.tar.gz /etc/grml/fai/chroot_install/usr/src/
\r
1558 grml-live ...</code></pre>
\r
1561 <div class="sect2">
\r
1562 <h3 id="local-debian-mirror">13.5. Can I use my own (local) Debian mirror?</h3>
\r
1563 <div class="paragraph"><p>Yes. Set up an according sources.list configuration as class file in
\r
1564 FAI_DEBOOTSTRAP (if not already using a base.tgz) inside
\r
1565 /etc/grml/grml-live.conf[.local]. If you’re setting up your own class file don’t
\r
1566 forget to include the class name in the class list (grml-live -c …).</p></div>
\r
1567 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to use a local (for example NFS mount) mirror additionally then
\r
1568 adjust MIRROR_DIRECTORY in /etc/grml/grml-live.conf[.local] as well.</p></div>
\r
1569 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to use a HTTP Proxy (like apt-cacher-ng), set APT_PROXY. Example:</p></div>
\r
1570 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1571 <div class="content">
\r
1572 <pre><code>APT_PROXY="http://localhost:3142/"</code></pre>
\r
1575 <div class="sect2">
\r
1576 <h3 id="add-additional-debian-packages">13.6. How do I add additional Debian package(s) to my CD/ISO?</h3>
\r
1577 <div class="paragraph"><p>Just create a new class (using the package_config directory):</p></div>
\r
1578 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1579 <div class="content">
\r
1580 <pre><code># cat > /etc/grml/fai/config/package_config/MIKA << EOF
\r
1581 PACKAGES aptitude</code></pre>
\r
1583 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1584 <div class="content">
\r
1586 another_name_of_a_debian_package
\r
1590 <div class="paragraph"><p>and specify it when invoking grml-live then:</p></div>
\r
1591 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1592 <div class="content">
\r
1593 <pre><code># grml-live -c GRMLBASE,GRML_SMALL,AMD64,MIKA</code></pre>
\r
1596 <div class="sect2">
\r
1597 <h3 id="reset-grml-live-configuration">13.7. I fscked up my grml-live configuration. How do I reset it to the defaults?</h3>
\r
1598 <div class="paragraph"><p>Notice: this deletes all your grml-live configuration files. If that’s really
\r
1599 what you are searching for just run:</p></div>
\r
1600 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1601 <div class="content">
\r
1602 <pre><code>rm -rf /etc/grml/fai /etc/grml/grml-live.conf
\r
1603 dpkg -i --force-confnew --force-confmiss /path/to/grml-live_..._all.deb</code></pre>
\r
1606 <div class="sect2">
\r
1607 <h3 id="create-a-base-tgz">13.8. How do I create a base.tgz?</h3>
\r
1608 <div class="paragraph"><p>First of all create the chroot using debootstrap:</p></div>
\r
1609 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1610 <div class="content">
\r
1611 <pre><code>BASECHROOT='/tmp/basefile'
\r
1612 debootstrap wheezy "$BASECHROOT" http://http.debian.net/debian
\r
1613 tar -C "$BASECHROOT" --exclude='var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb' -zcf base.tar.gz ./</code></pre>
\r
1615 <div class="admonitionblock">
\r
1618 <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
\r
1620 <td class="content">By default debootstrap builds a chroot matching the architecture of the running
\r
1621 host system. If you’re using an amd64 system and want to build an i386 base.tgz
\r
1622 then invoke debootstrap using the <em>--arch i386</em> option. Disclaimer: building an
\r
1623 AMD64 base.tgz won’t work if you are using a 32bit kernel system of course.</td>
\r
1626 <div class="paragraph"><p>Then move the base.tar.gz to /etc/grml/fai/config/basefiles/$CLASSNAME.tar.gz.
\r
1627 Use e.g. I386 as $CLASSNAME for i386 chroots and AMD64 for amd64 chroots.</p></div>
\r
1628 <div class="paragraph"><p>Now executing grml-live should use this file as base system instead of executing
\r
1629 debootstrap. Check out the output for something like:</p></div>
\r
1630 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1631 <div class="content">
\r
1633 ftar: extracting //etc/grml/fai/config/basefiles///AMD64.tar.gz to /srv/grml64_testing/grml_chroot//
\r
1634 [...]</code></pre>
\r
1636 <div class="admonitionblock">
\r
1639 <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip" />
\r
1641 <td class="content">Existing base.tgz can be found at <a href="http://daily.grml.org/">http://daily.grml.org/</a></td>
\r
1645 <div class="sect2">
\r
1646 <h3 id="apt-cacher">13.9. Set up apt-cacher-ng for use with grml-live</h3>
\r
1647 <div class="paragraph"><p>Make sure /etc/grml/grml-live.local provides according APT_PROXY and
\r
1648 FAI_DEBOOTSTRAP:</p></div>
\r
1649 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1650 <div class="content">
\r
1651 <pre><code># cat /etc/grml/grml-live.local
\r
1653 APT_PROXY="http://localhost:3142/"
\r
1655 FAI_DEBOOTSTRAP="wheezy http://localhost:3142/http.debian.net/debian wheezy main contrib non-free"</code></pre>
\r
1657 <div class="paragraph"><p>Make sure apt-cacher-ng is running (<em>/etc/init.d/apt-cacher-ng restart</em>).
\r
1658 That’s it. All downloaded files will be cached in /var/cache/apt-cacher-ng then.</p></div>
\r
1660 <div class="sect2">
\r
1661 <h3 id="revert_manifold">13.10. How do I revert the manifold feature from an ISO?</h3>
\r
1662 <div class="paragraph"><p>The so called manifold feature Grml ISOs use by default allows one to use the same
\r
1663 ISO for CD boot and USB boot. If you notice any problems when booting just
\r
1664 revert the manifold feature running:</p></div>
\r
1665 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1666 <div class="content">
\r
1667 <pre><code>% dd if=/dev/zero of=grml.iso bs=512 count=1 conv=notrunc</code></pre>
\r
1669 <div class="paragraph"><p>To switch from manifold to isohybrid mode (an alternative approach provided by
\r
1670 syslinux) then just execute:</p></div>
\r
1671 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1672 <div class="content">
\r
1673 <pre><code>% isohybrid grml.iso</code></pre>
\r
1676 <div class="sect2">
\r
1677 <h3 id="basetgz">13.11. How do I create a base tar.gz (I386.tar.gz or AMD64.tar.gz)</h3>
\r
1678 <div class="paragraph"><p>Execute the following commands (requires root):</p></div>
\r
1679 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1680 <div class="content">
\r
1681 <pre><code>ARCH='amd64' # replace with i386 if necessary
\r
1682 SUITE='wheezy' # using the current stable release should always work
\r
1683 debootstrap --arch "$ARCH" --exclude=info,tasksel,tasksel-data "$SUITE" "$ARCH" http://debian.netcologne.de/debian
\r
1685 rm var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb
\r
1686 tar zcf ../"${ARCH}".tar.gz *</code></pre>
\r
1688 <div class="paragraph"><p>And finally place the generated tarball in /etc/grml/fai/config/basefiles/ (note
\r
1689 that it needs to be uppercase letters matching the class names, so: AMD64.tar.gz
\r
1690 for amd64 and I386.tar.gz for i386).</p></div>
\r
1694 <div class="sect1">
\r
1695 <h2 id="download">14. Download / install grml-live as a Debian package</h2>
\r
1696 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1697 <div class="paragraph"><p>Debian packages are available through the grml-repository at
\r
1698 <a href="http://deb.grml.org/pool/main/g/grml-live/">deb.grml.org</a>. If you want to
\r
1699 build a Debian package on your own (using for example a specific version or the
\r
1700 current development tree), just execute:</p></div>
\r
1701 <div class="literalblock">
\r
1702 <div class="content">
\r
1703 <pre><code>git clone git://git.grml.org/grml-live
\r
1705 debuild -us -uc</code></pre>
\r
1709 <div class="sect1">
\r
1710 <h2 id="source">15. Source</h2>
\r
1711 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1712 <div class="paragraph"><p>The source of grml-live is available at
\r
1713 <a href="https://github.com/grml/grml-live/">https://github.com/grml/grml-live/</a></p></div>
\r
1716 <div class="sect1">
\r
1717 <h2 id="bugs">16. Bugs</h2>
\r
1718 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1719 <div class="paragraph"><p>Please report feedback, <a href="http://grml.org/bugs/">bugreports</a> and wishes
\r
1720 <a href="http://grml.org/contact/">to the Grml team</a>!</p></div>
\r
1723 <div class="sect1">
\r
1724 <h2 id="documentation">17. Documentation</h2>
\r
1725 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1726 <div class="paragraph"><p>The most recent grml-live documentation is available online at
\r
1727 <a href="http://grml.org/grml-live/">http://grml.org/grml-live/</a> and for offline reading also available
\r
1728 in different formats:</p></div>
\r
1729 <div class="ulist"><ul>
\r
1732 <a href="http://grml.org/grml-live/grml-live.epub">http://grml.org/grml-live/grml-live.epub</a>
\r
1737 <a href="http://grml.org/grml-live/grml-live.pdf">http://grml.org/grml-live/grml-live.pdf</a>
\r
1743 <div class="sect1">
\r
1744 <h2 id="authors">18. Authors</h2>
\r
1745 <div class="sectionbody">
\r
1746 <div class="paragraph"><p>Michael Prokop <<a href="mailto:mika@grml.org">mika@grml.org</a>></p></div>
\r
1750 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
\r
1752 <div id="footer-text">
\r
1753 Last updated 2013-12-11 11:53:34 CET
\r