-Install grml to harddisk:
-
-# grml2hd
-
-Notice: You can pre-select the partition for the partition selector
-and mbr dialogs inside grml2hd using:
-# grml2hd /dev/hda1 -mbr /dev/hda
-
-See: man grml2hd + http://grml.org/grml2hd/
---
-Install grml on software RAID level 1:
-
-Create /dev/md0 (and some more /dev/md* devices) first of all:
-# cd /dev && MAKEDEV dev
-
-Create RAID:
-# mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=raid1 \
- --raid-devices=2 /dev/hda1 /dev/hdc1
-
-Finally install grml on it:
-# SWRAID='mbr-only' grml2hd /dev/md0 -mbr /dev/md0
-
-See: man grml2hd + http://grml.org/grml2hd/
---
-Install grml in non interactive mode with grml2hd:
-
-Adjust configuration as needed:
-# vim /etc/grml2hd/config
-
-Then execute:
-
-# GRML2HD_NONINTERACTIVE=yes grml2hd
-
-or run:
-
-# grml2hd -i
-
-Use with care and only if you really know what you are doing!
-
-See: man grml2hd + http://grml.org/grml2hd/
---
Configure network:
# grml-network
+
+Tags: configuration, network
--
Deactivate error correction of zsh:
% NOCOR=1 zsh
Run zsh-help for more information regarding zsh.
+
+Tags: zsh, configuration
--
Disable automatic setting of title in GNU screen:
% screen -X title foobar
Run zsh-help for more information regarding zsh.
+
+Tags: zsh, configuration
--
Do not use menu completion in zsh:
% NOMENU=1 zsh
Run zsh-help for more information regarding zsh.
+
+Tags: zsh, configuration
--
Run GNU screen with grml-configuration:
or
% screen -c /etc/grml/screenrc
+
+Tags: screen, configuration
--
Print out grml-version:
% grml-version
+
+Tags: grml
--
Configure mutt:
% grml-mutt
---
-Configure mutt-ng / muttng:
-% grml-muttng
---
-Set up Inode-PPTP connection:
-
-# grml-pptp-inode
-or
-# grml-pptp-xdsl-students
---
-Set up VPN / WLAN connection at TUG (TU Graz):
-
-Set ESSID and request for ip-address via DHCP:
-# iwconfig $DEVICE essid tug
-# dhclient $DEVICE
-
-Now run the main script:
-# grml-vpnc-tugraz
-
-After running the script an init script is available:
-
-# /etc/init.d/vpnctug [start|stop]
---
-Set up PPTP connection at VCG (Virtual Campus Graz):
-
-# grml-pptp-vcgraz
---
-Set up VPN:
-
-# grml-vpn <options>
-
-Usage example:
-
-# grml-vpn -k 2005 add 1000 192.168.20.1 192.168.20.2
-
-See: man grml-vpn
+Tags: mutt
--
Use encrypted files / partitions:
# grml-crypt stop /mnt/test
See: man grml-crypt
+
+Tags: crypto, grml-crypt, dmcrypt, luks
--
Change resolution of X:
% xrandr -s '1024x768'
+
+Tags: x11, xorg, resolution
--
Change resolution of framebuffer:
# fbset 800x600-60
+
+Tags: resolution
--
Configure newsreader slrn:
% grml-slrn
+
+Tags: slrn
--
Configure grml system:
# grml-config-root
% grml-config-user
+
+Tags: grml, configuration
--
Lock screen (X / console):
% grml-lock
Press ctrl-alt-x to lock a GNU screen session.
+
+Tags: grml, lock, grml-lock, screen
--
Change wallpaper in X:
% grml-wallpaper <press-tab>
+
+Tags: grml, wallpaper
--
Start X window system (XFree86 / Xorg / X.org):
Usage examples:
% grml-x fluxbox
-% grml-x -mode '1024x768' wmii
-% grml-x -nosync wm-ng
+% grml-x -mode '1024x768' fluxbox
+% grml-x -nosync
+
+Tags: grml-x, x11, xorg, graphic
--
Collect hardware information:
# grml-hwinfo
will generate a file named info.tar.bz2.
+
+Tags: grml, hardware, hwinfo, collect
--
Configure hardware detection features of harddisk installation:
or manually edit /etc/grml/autoconfig[.small]
See: man grml-autoconfig
+
+Tags: grml, installation, configuration
--
Bootoptions / cheatcodes / bootparams for booting grml:
When running grml:
% most /usr/share/doc/grml-docs/grml-cheatcodes.txt.gz
+
+Tags: grml, cheatcodes, boot, bootoptions, bootparam
--
Report bugs to Debian's Bug Tracking System (BTS):
http://grml.org/bugs/
http://www.debian.org/Bugs/
+
+Tags: bug, reportbug, bts, debian
--
Offline documentation:
http://grml.org/faq/
http://grml.org/docs/
http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php
+
+Tags: info, grml, grml-info, documentation
--
-Mount ntfs partition (read-write):
+Mount NTFS partition (read-write):
+
+# mount.ntfs-3g /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda1
-# modprobe fuse
-# ntfsmount /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
+Tags: ntfs, mount
--
Overwrite specific file on an NTFS partition:
ntfsresize -n -s 10G /dev/hda1 # testcase
ntfsresize -s 10G /dev/hda1 # testing was successfull, now really resize partition
cfdisk /dev/hda # delete partition hda1, create new one with 10000MB and fs-type 07 (NTFS)
+
+Tags: ntfs, resize, ntfsresize
--
Modify resolution for intel graphic chipsets:
See: man wipe
Also take a look at shred(1), sfill(1) and http://dban.sourceforge.net/
---
-Use grml on Samsung X20 laptop:
-
-# apt-get install grml-samsung-x20
-See: http://www.michael-prokop.at/computer/samsung_x20.html
+Tags: delete, secure, wipe, shred
--
Development information regarding grml:
- http://grml.supersized.org/
+ http://blog.grml.org/
+
+Tags: blog, grml, developmnet
--
-Contact grml team:
+Contact Grml team:
#grml on irc.freenode.org - http://grml.org/irc/
http://grml.org/contact/
+
+Tags: contact, irc, freenode, email
--
Join the grml mailinglist:
http://grml.org/mailinglist/
+
+Tags: grml, mailinglist
--
Help us - donate!
http://grml.org/donations/
+
+Tags: grml, donation
--
Commercial support / system administration / adjusted live-cds:
grml-solutions: http://grml.org/solutions/
+
+Tags: grml, commercial, customize
--
Information regarding the kernel provided by grml:
http://grml.org/kernel/
+
+Tags: documentation, grml, kernel
--
SMTP command-line test tool:
% swaks -s $MAILSERVER -tlsc -a -au $ACCOUNT -ap $PASSWORD -f $MAILADRESSE -t $MAILADRESSE
See: man swaks
+
+Tags: swak, smtp, test
--
NTFS related packages:
scrounge-ntfs
salvage-ntfs
ntfsprogs
+
+Tags: utils, ntfs
--
Modify service through init script:
# Reload postfix
# service gpm start
# /etc/init.d/lvm start
+
+Tags: init, script, start, stop
--
Test joystick:
Play movie:
% mplayer /path/to/movie
+
+Tags: movie, mplayer
--
Use webcam with mplayer:
% mplayer tv:// -tv driver=v4l:width=352:height=288:outfmt=yv12:device=/dev/video0
+
+Tags: webcam, mplayer
--
Powerful network discovery tool:
# scapy
+
+Tags: network, python, tool
--
Grab an entire CD and compress it to Ogg/Vorbis,
MP3, FLAC, Ogg/Speex and/or MPP/MP+(Musepack) format:
% abcde
+
+Tags: rip, abcde, mp3, transcode, audio
--
Show a console session in several terminals:
Remote (receive file):
% npoll
+
+Tags: copy, file, network
--
utility for sorting records in complex ways:
% grep --color=auto ...
% hgrep ...
+
+Tags: grep, color, highlight
--
Extract matches when grepping:
% say 'ghroummel'
% xsay # when running X and text selected via mouse
--
-Adjust a grml harddisk (grml2hd) installation:
-
-# grml2hd-utils
---
Get information on movie files:
% tcprobe -i file.avi
Install grml-iso to usb-stick:
% grml2usb grml.iso /mount/point
+
+Tags: usbpen, usbstick, installation, grml2usb
--
Use mplayer on framebuffer console:
or
# loadkeys i386/qwertz/de-latin1-nodeadkeys.kmap.gz # console
% setxkbmap de # X11
+
+Tags: language, keyboard, configuration
--
Switch setting of caps-control key (switch between ctrl + shift) on keyboard:
vim -c "se ff=dos|x" file # ... and even shorter ;)
recode ibmpc..lat1 file # convert using recode
echo -e "s/\r//g" > dos2unix.sed; sed -f dos2unix.sed < dosfile > unixfile
+
+Tags: windows, line, convert, recode, tr, line end,
--
Save live audio stream to file:
--
Read HTTP via netcat:
-echo -e "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n" | netcat $DOMAIN 80
+echo -e "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: $DOMAIN\r\n\r\n" | netcat $DOMAIN 80
--
Get X ressources for specific program:
% ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@remote-system
or
% cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@remote-system 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
---
-Update /etc/fstab entries:
-# grml-rebuildfstab
-
-See "man grml-rebuildfstab" for more details about
-generation of /etc/fstab (including stuff like
-fs LABELs / UUIDs,...).
+Tags: ssh, ssh key, public key, ssh-copy-id, ssh-keygen
--
Fetch and potentially change SCSI device parameters:
Perform layer 2 attacks:
# yersinia ...
+
+Tags: network, attack, security
--
rootsh
--
Write back the guessed table:
# gpart -W /dev/ice /dev/ice
+
+Tags: partition, recovery, disk
--
Develop, test and use exploit code with the Metasploit Framework:
Tips and tricks:
% fortune debian-hints
+
+Tags: documentation
--
Fun stuff:
Backup master boot record (MBR):
# dd if=/dev/ice of=/tmp/backup_of_mbr bs=512 count=1
+
+Tags: backup, mbr
--
Backup partition table:
Restore partition table:
# sfdisk /dev/hda < hda.out
+
+Tags: backup, partition, sfdisk, recovery
--
Clone disk via network using netcat:
to tune speed:
# dd if=/dev/hda1 bs=32M | gzip -c | nc -vq 0 192.168.1.2 30000
+
+Tags: network, backup, dd, netcat
--
Backup specific directories via cpio and ssh:
# for f in directory_list; do find $f >> backup.list done
# cpio -v -o --format=newc < backup.list | ssh user@host "cat > backup_device"
+
+Tags: backup
--
Clone disk via ssh:
This one uses CPU cycles on the local server to compare the files:
# ssh target_address cat <localfile "|" diff - remotefile
+
+Tags: network, backup, ssh
--
Useful tools for cloning / backups:
* cpio: copy files to and from archives
* pax: read and write file archives and copy directory hierarchies
* netcat / ssh / tar / gzip / bzip2: additional helper tools
+
+Tags: network, backup, ssh, udp, rescue, recovery
--
Use grml as a rescue system:
* salvage-ntfs: free NTFS data recovery tools
* scrounge-ntfs: data recovery program for NTFS file systems
* ntfsresize: resize ntfs partitions
+
+Tags: ntfs, jfs, xfs, ext3, rescue, recovery, backup, filesystem, tools
--
Get ASCII value of a character with zsh:
local host:
% ssh user@localhost -p 3333
+
+Tags: port forwarding, ssh, remote port, network
--
Reverse Shell with Netcat:
remote host:
% netcat 192.168.0.1 3333
+
+TagS: port forwarding, ssh, remote, network
--
Reverse Shell via SSH:
remote host (outside the network):
% ssh localhost -p 1234
+
+Tags: port forwarding, ssh, remote port, network
--
Remove empty directories with zsh:
Then set the SOCKS4/5 proxy to localhost:3333.
Check whether it's working by surfing e.g. to checkip.dyndns.org
+
+Tags: ssh, network, proxy, socks, tunnel
--
Tunnel everything through SSH via tsocks:
If you call tsocks without parameters it executes a shell witht the
LD_PRELOAD environment variable already set and exported.
+
+Tags: ssh, network, proxy, socks, tunnel, tsocks
--
smartctl - control and monitor utility for harddisks using Self-Monitoring,
Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART):
Query device information:
# smartctl -i /dev/ice
+
+Tags: smart, s.m.a.r.t, info, test, hardware
--
Mount a BSD / Solaris partition:
See /usr/share/doc/linux-doc-$(uname -r)/Documentation/filesystems/ufs.txt.gz
for more details.
+
+Tags: ufs, bsd, mount, solaris
--
Read BIOS (and or BIOS) password:
% fusermount -u /mnt/test
(Notice: requires fuse kernel module)
+
+Tags: ssh, sshfs, network, mount, directory, remote, fuse
--
Install Gentoo using grml:
See http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/altinstall.xml
--
-Install (plain) Debian (sarge release) via grml:
-
-Assuming you want to install Debian to sda1:
-
-mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1 # make an ext3 filesystem on /dev/sda1
-mount -o rw,suid,dev /dev/sda1 /mnt/test # now mount the new partition
-debootstrap sarge /mnt/test ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian # get main packages from a debian-mirror
-chroot /mnt/test /bin/bash # let's chroot into the new system
-mount -t devpts none /dev/pts # ...otherwise running base-config might fail ("Terminated" or "openpty failed")
-mount -t proc none /proc # make sure we also have a mounted /proc
-base-config # now configure some main settings
-vi /etc/mkinitrd/mkinitrd.conf # adjust $ROOT (to /dev/sda1) for your new partition, autodetection will fail in chroot
-cd /dev ; ./MAKEDEV generic # make sure we have all necessary devices for lilo
-apt-get install lilo linux-image-2.6.12-1-386 # install lilo and a kernel which fits your needs
-cp /usr/share/doc/lilo/examples/conf.sample /etc/lilo.conf # let's use a template
-vi /etc/lilo.conf && lilo # adjust the file for your needs and run lilo afterwards
-umount /proc ; umount /dev/pts # we do not need them any more
-exit # now leave chroot
-cp /etc/hosts /etc/fstab /mnt/test/etc/ # you might want to take the existing files...
-cp /etc/network/interfaces /mnt/test/etc/network/ # ...from the running grml system for your new system
-umount /mnt/test && reboot # unmount partition and reboot...
-
-See also: http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/apcs04.html.en
-Avoid all of the above steps - use grml-debootstrap(8) instead!
---
-Install (plain) Debian (etch release) via grml
-
-Assuming you want to install Debian to sda1:
-
-mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1 # make an ext3 filesystem on /dev/sda1
-mount -o rw,suid,dev /dev/sda1 /mnt/test # now mount the new partition
-debootstrap etch /mnt/test ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian # get main packages from a debian-mirror
-chroot /mnt/test /bin/bash # let's chroot into the new system
-mount -t proc none /proc # make sure we have a mounted /proc
-apt-get install locales console-data # install locales
-dpkg-reconfigure locales console-data # adjust locales to your needs
-apt-get install vim most zsh screen less initrd-tools file grub \
- usbutils pciutils bzip2 sysfsutils dhcp3-client resolvconf \
- strace lsof w3m # install useful software
-apt-get install linux-headers-2.6-686 linux-image-686 # install current kernel
-
-echo "127.0.0.1 localhost" > /etc/hosts # adjust /etc/hosts and network:
-cat >> /etc/network/interfaces << EOF
-iface lo inet loopback
-iface eth0 inet dhcp
-auto lo
-auto eth0
-EOF
-
-ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Vienna /etc/localtime # adjust timezone and /etc/fstab:
-cat >> /etc/fstab << EOF
-sysfs /sys sysfs auto 0 0
-proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
-/dev/sda1 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1
-/dev/sda2 none swap sw 0 0
-/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom0 iso9660 ro,user,noauto 0 0
-EOF
-passwd # set password of user root
-
-mkdir /boot/grub # setup grub
-cp /usr/share/doc/grub/examples/menu.lst /boot/grub
-cat >> /boot/grub/menu.lst << EOF
-title Debian Etch, kernel 2.6.18-3-686 (on /dev/sda1)
-root (hd0,0)
-kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-3-686 root=/dev/sda1 ro
-initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.18-3-686
-EOF
-vim /boot/grub/menu.lst # adjust grub configuration to your needs
-cd /dev && MAKEDEV generic # create default devices
-cp -i /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub/ # copy stage-files to /boot/grub/
-grub install # now install grub, run in grub-cmdline following commands:
-> root (hd0,0)
-> setup (hd0)
-> quit
-umount -a # unmount all filesystems in chroot and finally:
-exit # exit the chroot and:
-reboot
-
-If you want to use lilo instead of grub take a look at
-/usr/share/doc/lilo/examples/conf.sample or use the following template:
-
-cat > /etc/lilo.conf << EOF
-# This allows booting from any partition on disks with more than 1024 cylinders.
-lba32
-
-# Specifies the boot device
-boot=/dev/sda1
-
-# Specifies the device that should be mounted as root.
-root=/dev/sda1
-
-# use Debian on software raid:
-# raid-extra-boot=mbr-only
-
-install=text
-# prompt
-timeout=1
-map=/boot/map
-vga=normal
-
-image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-grml
- label="2.6.18-grml"
- #append="...."
- read-only
- initrd=/boot/initrd.img-2.6.18-grml
-EOF
-
-See also: http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/apcs04.html.en
-Avoid all of the above steps - use grml-debootstrap(8) instead!
---
Convert files from Unicode / UTF-8 to ISO:
% iconv -c -f utf8 -t iso-8859-15 < utffile > isofile
and vice versa:
% iconv -f iso-8859-15 -t utf8 < isofile > utffile
+
+Tags: utf-8, iso, unicode, utf8
--
-Assign static setup for network cards (eth0 and eth1) via udev:
+Assign static setup for network cards (NICs) via udev:
-First method - manual:
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Get information for SYSFS address:
-# udevadm info -a -p /sys/class/net/eth0/ | grep address
+Retrieve information for address (corresponding to MAC address):
-Then create udev rules:
-# cat /etc/udev/network.rules
-# match eth* stuff:
-KERNEL=="eth*", SYSFS{address}=="00:00:00:00:00:01", NAME="wlan0"
-KERNEL=="eth*", SYSFS{address}=="00:00:00:00:00:02", NAME="lan0"
-# do not match eth* drivers but also e.g. firewire stuff:
-ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", SYSFS{address}=="00:00:00:00:00:03", NAME="1394"
+ # udevadm info -a -p /sys/class/net/eth0/ | grep -i 'ATTR{address}'
-Now activate the rules:
-# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/ && ln -s ../network.rules z35_network.rules
+Execute /lib/udev/write_net_rules with according values (INTERFACE
+is old NIC name, INTERFACE_NAME is new NIC name and MATCHADDR
+is the MAC address retrieved with udevadm info command):
-Unload the drivers, restart udev and load the drivers again to activate
-the settings.
+ # INTERFACE=eth0 INTERFACE_NAME=lan0 MATCHADDR=00:00:00:00:00:01 /lib/udev/write_net_rules
-Second method - automatic:
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Run /lib/udev/write_net_rules shipped with recent udev versions:
+This will generate file /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules with content:
-# INTERFACE=wlan1 /lib/udev/write_net_rules 00:00:00:00:00:04
+SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:00:00:00:00:01", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="lan0"
-This command will create /etc/udev/rules.d/z25_persistent-net.rules containing:
+Finally take down the interface (ifdown/ifconfig) and execute:
-SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVER=="?*", SYSFS{address}=="00:00:00:00:00:04", NAME=wlan1
+ # udevadm trigger --action=add --subsystem-match=net
-See /usr/share/doc/udev/writing_udev_rules/index.html for more information.
+so the interface will be renamed. (Rebooting or
+unloading drivers/restart udev/loading drivers again
+works as well of course.)
+
+Tags: udev, configuration, name, eth0, howto
--
Change the suffix from *.sh to *.pl using zsh:
# /usr/sbin/make-ssl-cert /usr/share/ssl-cert/ssleay.cnf /etc/apache2/apache.pem
and mod-ssl-makecert (utility to create SSL certificates in /etc/apache/ssl.*/).
+
+Tags: openssl, howto
--
Change Windows NT password(s):
try using mount.ntfs-3g instead: mount.ntfs-3g /dev/hda1 /mnt/hda1
(Be careful with deactivating syskey!)
+
+Tags: password, windows, recovery, chntpw, howto
--
glark - replacement for grep written in Ruby:
Get specific information for /dev/ice:
# cdrecord dev=/dev/ice -scanbus
+
+Tags: hardware, info, cd burn
--
Create devices in /dev on udev:
For example create md devices (/dev/md0, /dev/md1,...):
# cd /dev ; WRITE_ON_UDEV=1 ./MAKEDEV md
+
+Tags: raid, device
--
Identify network device (NIC):
Disable TCP/UDP checksums:
# ethtool -K $DEVICE tx off
+
+Tags: configuration, network, device
--
grml2hd seems to hang? Getting Squashfs errors? Problems while booting?
If the medium really is ok and it still fails try to boot with deactivated DMA
via using grml nodma at the bootprompt.
+
+Tags: grml2hd, installation, verify, squashfs, error
--
Write a Microsoft compatible boot record (MBR) using ms-sys
cd ms-sys-2.1.3
make
./bin/ms-sys ...
+
+Tags: mbr, windows, ms-sys, recovery
--
Use a Vodafone 3G Datacard (UMTS) with Linux:
To get a list of available providers execute:
# comgt -s -d /dev/ttyUSB0 /etc/comgt/operator
+
+Tags: umts, 3g, vodafone, sierra, wvdial, ppp, howto
--
hdparm - get/set hard disk parameters
Perform timings of device + cache reads for benchmark and comparison purposes:
# hdparm -tT /dev/ice
+
+Tags: hardware, performance, configuration, harddisk
--
bonnie++ - program to test hard drive performance.
# mount /dev/ice /mnt/benchmark
# chmod go+w /mnt/benchmark
# bonnie -u grml -d /mnt/benchmark -s 2000M
+
+Tags: benchmark, harddisk
--
Use gizmo with a bluetooth headset:
Run apt-get with timeout of 3 seconds:
# apt-get -o acquire::http::timeout=3 update
+
+Tags: apt-get
--
Debian GNU/Linux device driver check page
# grub install
root (hd0,0)
setup (hd0)
+
+Tags: grml2hd, grub
--
Install Ubuntu using grml:
See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Installation/FromKnoppix
+
+Tags: ubuntu, installation
--
Resize ext2 / ext3 partition:
# fsck.ext2 -v -y -f /dev/iceX # check filesystem again
# resize2fs -p /dev/iceX # resize it to maximum
# tune2fs -j /dev/iceX # re-enable journal
+
+Tags: resize, ext2, ext3, ext4, partition, howto
--
Tune ext2 / ext3 filesystem:
Notice: since e2fsprogs (1.39-1) filesystems are created with
directory indexing and on-line resizing enabled by default.
+
+Tags: configuration, ext2, ext3, ext4, partition
--
Search for printers via network:
# pconf_detect -m NETWORK -i 192.168.0.1/24
+
+Tags: printer, network, scan
--
Mount a remote directory via webdav (e.g. Mediacenter of GMX):
# mount -t davfs https://mediacenter.gmx.net/ /mnt/test
+
+Tags: webdav, mount, mediacenter, gmx
--
System-Profiling using oprofile:
# opreport -t 0.5 --exclude-dependent
# opreport -t 0.5 /path/to/executable_to_check
# opannotate -t 0.5 --source --assembly
+
+Tags: profile, profiling, opcontrol, howto
--
Install ATI's fglrx driver for Xorg / X.org:
# aticonfig --initial --input=/etc/X11/xorg.conf
For more information take a look at http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=ati
+
+Tags: xorg, x11, driver, ati
--
Install nvidia driver for Xorg / X.org:
Then switch from module nv to nvidia:
# sed -i 's/Driver.*nv.*/Driver "nvidia"/' /etc/X11/xorg.conf
+
+Tags: xorg, x11, driver, nvidia
--
glxgears - a GLX demo that draws three rotating gears
To print frames per second (fps) use:
% glxgears -printfps
+
+Tags: xorg, x11, glx,
--
You forgot to boot with 'grml noeject noprompt' to avoid
ejecting and prompting for CD removal when rebooting/halting
or:
# noprompt halt
+
+Tags: bootparam, fix, grml
--
Mount wikipedia local via fuse:
Unmount via:
% fusermount -u /wiki
+
+Tags: fuse, wikipedia, mount
--
Remote notification on X via osd (on screen display):
Notice: if you get 'ABORT: Requested font not found' make sure the
requested font is available, running 'LANG=C LC_ALL=C osd_server.py...'
might help as well.
+
+Tags: osd, notification, ssh, network, port-forwarding
--
Avoid automatical startup of init scripts via invoke-rc.d:
To restore the default behaviour set EXITSTATUS back to '0' in
/etc/policy-rc.d.conf.
+
+Tags: policy, init, script, invode-rc.d
--
Install VMware-Tools for grml:
In an X terminal, launch the VMware Tools running:
vmware-toolbox
+
+Tags: vmware, tool, vmware-toolbox, howto
--
Some important Postfix stuff
- for files: not used
- for directories: only the owner of a file can delete or rename the file
+
+Tags: postix, mailq, postsuper, queue, delete, smtp
--
Create MySQL database
Give a user access to the database (with password):
grant all on grml.* to enrico identified by "PASSWORD";
+
+Tags: mysql, database
--
Setup an HTTPS website:
and make sure the SSL module is used:
# a2enmod ssl
+
+Tags: ssl, https, configuration, apache
--
Useful Apache / Apache2 stuff
Enable a module
# a2enmod modulename
+
+Tags: apache, configuration
--
Create tar archive and store it on remote machine:
% tar zcf - /sourcedir | ssh user@targethost "cat >file.tgz"
+
+Tags: tar, backup, remote, network, ssh
--
Pick out and displays images from network traffic:
# driftnet
+
+Tags: remote, network, sniff, image
--
Install Flash plugin:
# dpkg-reconfigure flashplugin-nonfree
+
+Tags: flash, plugin
--
To test a proxy, low level way:
% telnet proxy 8080
[...]
GET http://www.google.com HTTP/1.0 [press enter twice]
+
+Tags: proxy
--
Adjust system for use of qemu with kqemu:
# vmstat 1
# atsar -t 60 10
# dstat -af
+
+Tags: test, debug, information, hardware, statistic
--
Using WPA for network setup manually:
Adjust the options and configuration file to your needs.
Also take a look at 'grml-network'.
+
+Tags: wireless, wpa, network, configuration
--
Start X and lock console via exiting:
% startx 2>~/.xsession-errors &| exit
+
+Tags: xorg, x11, startx, graphical
--
Which process is writing to disk and/or causes the disk to spin up?
See: $KERNEL-SOURCE/Documentation/laptop-mode.txt
Also take a look at event-viewer(8) which is part of grml-debugtools.
+
+Tags: debug, device, block, partition
--
Install initrd via initramfs-tools for currently running kernel:
# update-initramfs -c -t -k $(uname -r)
+
+Tags: initrd
--
Install initrd via yaird for currently running kernel:
# Last step - resize the filesystem (online again):
resize2fs /dev/md0
+
+Tags: raid, resize, raid5, mdadm
--
ext3 online resizing:
partition table. So it works for example with LVM and SW-RAID but not with
a plain device (/dev/[sh]d*). The kernel does not re-read the partition
table if the device is already mounted.
+
+Tags: resize, raid, lvm, ext2, ext3, ext4, raid1
--
Use vim as an outline editor:
Monitor files/directories specified in /etc/iwatch.xml
and send mail on changes:
% iwatch
+
+Tags: inotify, watch, file, directory
--
Some often used mdadm commands:
See also: man mdadm | less -p "^EXAMPLES"
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Software-RAID-HOWTO.html
+
+Tags: raid, raid1, raid5, configuration, mdadm, howto
--
A quick summary of the most commonly used RAID levels:
RAID 100: A stripe of a stripe of mirrors
-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID
+
+Tags: raid, raid1, raid5, raid01, raid10, raid100
--
Logical Volume Management (LVM) with Linux
See also: man lvm
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/
+
+Tags: lvm, howto, pvcreate, lvcreate
--
How to use APT locally
echo " deb-src file:/root debs/" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
See also: http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/ch-basico.en.html
+
+Tags: mirror, local
--
Check filesystem's LABEL:
reiser4 without blkid:
# debugfs.reiser4 /dev/sda1 | grep -i label
+
+Tags: filesystem, ext2, ext3, ext4, blkid, jfs, xfs, label
--
Check filesystem's UUID:
reiser4 without blkid:
# debugfs.reiser4 /dev/sda1 | grep -i UUID
+
+Tags: filesystem, ext2, ext3, ext4, blkid, jfs, xfs, uuid
--
Change a filesystem's LABEL:
ntfs:
# ntfslabel $LABEL /dev/sda1
+
+Tags: filesystem, ext2, ext3, ext4, blkid, jfs, xfs
--
Disable pdiffs feature of APT:
# unzsplit -D /dev/sda -d archiveofsda
More usage examples: man zsplit + man unzsplit
+
+Tags: backup, reocvery, spllt, limit, howto
--
Measure network performance using iperf:
Client with running for 60 seconds and bidirectional test:
% iperf -c <server_address> -r -w128k -t60
+
+Tags: network, benchmark
--
Framebuffer resolutions:
Mode 0x0346: 1600x1200 (+3200), 16 bits
Mode 0x034d: 1400x1050 (+2816), 16 bits
Mode 0x035c: 1400x1050 (+5632), 24 bits
+
+Tags: framebuffer, resolution
--
Portscan using netcat:
line to your /etc/apt/apt.conf:
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://localhost:3142/";
+
+Tags: proxy, debian, apt-get, howto
--
Version control using Mercurial
Client:
# netperf -t TCP_STREAM -H 192.168.0.41
+
+Tags: benchmark, network
--
Setup Xen within 20 minutes on Debian/grml
xm shutdown 1
This HowTo is also available online at http://grml.org/xen/
+
+Tags: howto, xen, grml
--
Play tetris with zsh:
Start dnsmasq finally:
# Restart dnsmasq
+
+Tags: network, router, grml
--
Display stats about memory allocations performed by a program:
hwclock(8) tzselect(1) tzconfig(8)
http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/system-administrator/ch-sysadmin-time.html
http://wiki.debian.org/TimeZoneChanges
+
+Tags: timezone, rtc, configuration
--
Recorder shellscript session using script:
any further work.
See: man grml-terminalserver + http://grml.org/terminalserver/
+
+Tags: howto, pxe, network, boot
--
Debugging SSL communications:
# ssldump -a -A -H -i eth0
See http://prefetch.net/articles/debuggingssl.html for more details.
+
+Tags: debug, ssl, openssl
--
Remove bootmanager from MBR:
# lilo -M /dev/hda -s /dev/null
+
+Tags: mbr, lilo
--
Rewrite grub to MBR:
# mount /mnt/sda1
# grub-install --recheck --no-floppy --root-directory=/mnt/sda1 /dev/sda
+
+Tags: mbr, grub
--
Rewrite lilo to MBR:
# mount /mnt/hda1
# lilo -r /mnt/hda1
+
+Tags: mbr, lilo
--
Create screenshot of plain/real console - tty1:
% scrot
Tip: use the gkrellshoot plugin when using gkrellm
+
+Tags: screenshot, xorg
--
Redirect all connections to hostA:portA to hostB:portB, where hostA and hostB are
different networks:
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth0 -d hostB -p tcp --dport portB -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth0 -s hostB -p tcp --sport portB -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -p tcp -d hostB --dport portB -j SNAT --to-source hostA
+
+Tags: howto, network, redirect, port
--
Flash BIOS without DOS/Windows:
% ipv6calc
For usage examples refer to manpage ipv6calc(8).
+
+Tags: ipv6
--
Common network debugging tools for use with IPv6:
% tracert6
% nc6
% tcpspray6
+
+Tags: ipv6
--
Set up NFS (Network File System):
On the client side you can use something like the following in /etc/fstab:
192.168.1.101:/backups /mnt/nfs nfs defaults,users,wsize=8192,rsize=8192 0 0
+
+Tags: nfs, howto, network
--
Mount a cloop file:
# echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key for more details.
+
+Tags: reboot, documentation, sysrq, magic
--
Memtest / memcheck:
Notice: using 'ssh -D 8080 ..' you will get a socks5-proxy listening on
localhost:8080 which you can use to tunnel everything through your "dns-uplink".
+
+Tags: howto, network, tunnel
--
Configure a MadWifi device for adhoc mode:
umount -l /cdrom
eject /dev/cdrom
echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger
+
+Tags: reboot, howto, grml, network
--
Show what happens on /dev/sda0:
# is a convenient wrapper arround blktrace and blkparse
btrace /dev/sda0
+
+Tags: debug, block, partition, trace
--
Convert Flash to Avi:
deb http://localhost:9999/debian unstable main contrib non-free
use approx in grml-debootstrap like:
-% grml-debootstrap -r lenny -t /dev/sda1 -m http://127.0.0.1:9999/debian
+% grml-debootstrap -r squeeze -t /dev/sda1 -m http://127.0.0.1:9999/debian
--
Simple webserver with python:
% python -m smtpd -n -c DebuggingServer localhost:1025
--
+finger via netcat:
+
+echo $USER | nc $HOST 79
+--
+Install Archlinux using Grml:
+
+https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Install_from_Existing_Linux
+or
+wget http://tokland.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/archlinux/arch-bootstrap.sh
+--
+Export blockdevices via AoE (ATA over Ethernet):
+
+% vblade -m 11:22:33:44:55:66 160 2 eth0 /dev/sdb1
+
+Allow the host with the mac address 11:22:33:44:55:66 to access /dev/sdb1
+via eth0, using the shelf and slot numbers 160 and 2. These numbers are
+arbitrary but should be unique within the network.
+
+A word of warning: AoE is prone to all kind of nasty ethernet attacks,
+especially arp spoofing. Do not use in hostile networks.
+
+Tags: aoe, blockdevice, export, server
+--
+Access blockdevices via AoE (ATA over Ethernet):
+
+% sudo aoe-discover
+
+and the device should show up under /dev/etherd/. If your shelf and
+slot numbers re 160 and 2 the device will be /dev/etherd/e160.2
+
+A word of warning: AoE is prone to all kind of nasty ethernet attacks,
+especially arp spoofing. Do not use in hostile networks.
+
+Tags: aoe, blockdevice, export, client
+--