grml-debootstrap(8) =================== Name ---- grml-debootstrap - wrapper around debootstrap for installing plain Debian via grml Synopsis -------- grml-debootstrap [ _options_ ] image:images/screenshot.png[Screenshot] Introduction ------------ grml-debootstrap is a wrapper suite around debootstrap (and cdebootstrap if you want) for installing a plain Debian system via grml very fast and easy. All you have to do is adjust a few variables in configuration file /etc/debootstrap/config (or specify some variables via commandline) and invoke grml-debootstrap without any further options then. A plain and base Debian system will be installed on the given device (or directory) then. Customization of this process is possible as well. CAUTION: The grml team does not take responsibility for loss of any data! Options and environment variables --------------------------------- *--arch* <_architecture_>:: Architecture you want to bootstrap. Currently only i386 is supported. Defaults to the architecture that is currently running on your system. If you're running an amd64 system and want to deploy a i386 system use this option. Note: deploying amd64 from a i386 system won't work. *--bootappend* <_appendline for the kernel_>:: Specify appendline for the kernel. E.g. "_pci=nomsi_" *-c*, *--config* <_file_>:: Use specified configuration file, defaults to /etc/debootstrap/config. *--chroot-scripts* <_directory_>:: Execute chroot scripts from specified directory. This allows customisation of the chroot setup, the executable script(s) present in the given directory are executed at the end of the chroot procedure. Default directory: /etc/debootstrap/chroot-scripts/ *-d*, *--confdir* <_path_>:: Place of configuration files for debootstrap, defaults to /etc/debootstrap. *--debconf*[=<_file_>]:: When using *--debconf* without the optional '=<_file_>' parameter, it enables preseeding Debian packages using the default '/debconf-selections' file. If the optional parameter is given, use the specified file for preseeding Debian packages instead. *--debopt* <_params_>:: Extra parameters passed to the debootstrap command. *--grub* <_device_>:: Device where grub should be installed to. Note that only the MBR (master boot record) can be used (/dev/sda, /dev/sdb,...). Partitions (like /dev/sda1, /dev/sdb2,...) are NOT supported because grub2 doesn't support installation into the PBR (partition boot record) anymore. Usage example: '--grub /dev/sda'. Note: just do not set this option to avoid installation of grub. *--help*, *-h*:: Show summary of options and exit. *--hostname* <_hostname_>:: Use specified hostname instead of the default (being 'grml'). *-i*, *--iso* <_/mntpoint_>:: Specify mountpoint where you have a Debian ISO mounted loopback. Using this option instead of the mirror option gives you the possibility to install the base-system without network access. Make sure you mounted the according Debian-ISO to the given <_/mntpoint_>. See section 'Usage examples' for a demonstration. *--keep_src_list*:: Do not overwrite user provided /etc/apt/sources.list. *-m*, *--mirror* <_URL_>:: Specify mirror which should be used for apt-get/aptitude. Corresponding with configuration variable MIRROR. *--nodebootstrap*:: Skip debootstrap, only do configuration to the target. *--insecure*:: Do not download and check signatures for retrieved Release files. *-p*, *--mntpoint* <_/mntpoint_>:: Specify mountpoint that should be used for mounting the target system. Corresponding with configuration variable MNTPOINT. Note: this option has no effect if option -t is given and represents a directory. *--packages*[=<_file_>]:: When using *--packages* without the optional '=<_file_>' parameter, it enables installing the packages defined in the default package list '/packages' file. If the optional parameter is given, the specified list file is used as list for packages that should be installed instead. *--password* <_password_>:: Use specified password as password for user root. Use with caution, as your commandline might be visible in the process list and the shell history. It's meant for automatic installation only. *-r*, *--release* <_releasename_>:: Specify release of new Debian system. Supported releases names: lenny, squeeze (note: requires current version of debootstrap) and sid. Corresponding with configuration variable RELEASE. *--pre-scripts*[=<_directory_>]:: When using *--pre-scripts* without the optional '=<_directory_>' parameter, it enables executing scripts from the default '/pre-scripts/' directory before executing the chroot script. If the optional parameter is given, execute scripts from the specified directory instead. This allows customization of the system before the chroot has been set up. The environment variable $MNTPOINT is available inside the scripts for direct access of the chroot. *--scripts*[=<_directory_>]:: When using *--scripts* without the optional '=<_directory_>' parameter, it enables executing scripts from the default '/scripts/' directory after the chroot has been set up. If the optional parameter is given, execute scripts from the specified directory instead. This allows customisation of the system after the chroot has been set up. The environment variable $MNTPOINT is available inside the scripts for direct access of the chroot. *-t*, *--target* <_target_>:: Target partition (/dev/...) or directory (anything else without /dev at the beginning). To install grub using *--grub* make sure to use a _device_ instead of a directory as _target_ (installation of grub as bootloader when using directories is NOT supported). *-v*, *--verbose*:: Increase verbosity. *-V*, *--version*:: Show version of program and exit. TIP: The long options may be abbreviated, as long as the abbreviation is not ambiguous. Eg. '--k' will be the same as '--keep_src_list', and '--pac' be '--packages'. [WARNING] ===================================================================== - To specify the optional parameter for switches that accept them, the optional argument must be written directly after the long option name, separated by `=' (without space). - the commandline parsing of grml-debootstrap does not validate the provided arguments for the commandline options. Please be careful and check docs and /etc/debootstrap/config for further information. ===================================================================== Usage examples --------------- grml-debootstrap --target /dev/sda1 --grub /dev/sda Install default Debian release (stable/lenny) on /dev/sda1 and install bootmanager Grub in MBR (master boot record) of /dev/sda and use /dev/sda1 as system partition. grml-debootstrap --target /dev/sda6 --grub /dev/sda --release sid Install Debian unstable/sid on /dev/sda6, install bootmanager Grub in MBR (master boot record) of /dev/sda and use /dev/sda6 as system partition. mount /dev/sda1 /data/chroot grml-debootstrap --target /data/chroot Install default Debian release (stable/lenny) in directory /data/chroot (without any bootloader). grml-debootstrap --target /dev/sda3 --grub /dev/sda --mirror ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian Install default Debian release (stable/lenny) on /dev/sda3 and install bootmanager Grub in MBR (master boot record) of /dev/sda and use /dev/sda3 as system partition. Use specified mirror instead of the default (ftp://ftp.debian.de/debian) one. mount -o loop /mnt/sda6/debian-40r0-i386-CD-1.iso /mnt/iso grml-debootstrap --target /dev/sda1 --grub /dev/sda --iso file:/mnt/iso/debian/ Install Debian stable/lenny on /dev/sda1 using the loopback mounted Debian-ISO for the base-system and install bootmanager Grub in MBR (master boot record) of /dev/sda and use /dev/sda1 as system partition. Please notice, that the chroot system requires network access for all packages which are not part of the ISO. Files ----- /etc/debootstrap/config Main configuration file. You have to adjust it according to your needs before you are able to run grml-debootstrap. /etc/debootstrap/chroot-script The script executed within the new Debian system as soon as the main system has been installed via [c]debootstrap. /etc/debootstrap/locale.gen Defines the default locales used for generating locales via locale-gen. /etc/debootstrap/packages Defines the software packages which should be installed in the new Debian system by default. /etc/debootstrap/extrapackages Debian Packages dropped here will be installed into the new Debian system by default (Controlvariable: EXTRAPACKAGES) /etc/debootstrap/stages/ The default directory for storing information about executed stages. Every single function of grml-debootstrap will write 'done' to the stages directory into a file named as the function itself if it has been executed successfully. You can adjust the location of the directory via configuration variable STAGES via /etc/debootstrap/config. Please notice that you have to remove the stages directory on your own if you want to re-execute grml-debootstrap after running it successfully once. This should avoid recurrent execution by error of grml-debootstrap (which might delete present data). Customization ------------- You can control execution of grml-debootstrap via adjusting /etc/debootstrap/config for some main stuff or via setting some selected variables via commandline. The packages which should be installed in the new Debian system can be defined via the file /etc/debootstrap/packages. If you want to put existing files to the new Debian system you can place them into the (by default non-existing) directories boot, etc, share, usr and var in /etc/debootstrap/. Every existing directory will be copied to the new Debian system then. If you want to install additional packages that are not available via the grml or debian mirror drop them into /etc/debootstrap/extrapackages and make sure that EXTRAPACKAGES is set to "yes". Automatic installation ---------------------- If environment variable AUTOINSTALL is set grml-debootstrap can be executed in a full automatic mode. While this mode isn't really useful for interactive execution (just configure /etc/debootstrap/configure or specify the relevant variables on the commandline instead) it is meant for use via bootoption debian2hd. The bootoption debian2hd (more precise: the kernelname on bootprompt) supports the following bootoptions (they correspond with the commandline options mentioned above): target=... The target partition/directory of the new Debian system. Usage example: target=/dev/sda1 grub=... Where do you want to install grub to? Usage example: grub=/dev/sda release=... Specify release of new Debian system. Defaults to Debian stable. Supported relases: lenny, squeeze and sid. Usage example: release=sid mirror=... Specify mirror which should be used for apt-get/aptitude instead of the default one (ftp://ftp.debian.de/debian). Usage example: mirror=ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian password=... Set password of user root without prompting for it but set it to the given argument. Usage example: password=AiTh5ahn Usage example for automatic installation: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ debian2hd target=/dev/sda1 grub=/dev/sda mirror=ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian password=foobar You have to enter this commandline at the bootprompt of grml. Please make sure that /dev/sda1 is the partition where you really want to install your new Debian system. [NOTE] Automatic installation within booting process is done in grml-autoconfig via setting environment variable AUTOINSTALL and creation of /usr/bin/grml-debootstrap_noninteractive with the available and relevant bootoptions for grml-debootstrap. Supported Releases ------------------ include::releasetable.txt[] [NOTE] .Etch-Release ================================================================================ [1] Please notice that Etch is the current old-stable within Debian. grml-debootstrap can handle the release but you really should not use Etch anymore unless you really know what you are doing. Choose Lenny instead. ================================================================================ Bugs ---- Probably. Please send bugreports to Michael Prokop . See also -------- debootstrap (8), cdebootstrap (1). Author ------ Michael Prokop