1 CHEATCODES AND HINTS FOR GRML
2 ==============================================================================
4 These options work from the (isolinux/grub) bootprompt of Grml based (live) systems.
6 The following kernel options are available (do NOT use them as 'grml $OPTION',
7 use them as '$OPTION'!):
9 grml Use default settings (same as just pressing return)
10 grml2ram Copy Grml's squashfs file to RAM and
11 run from there (compare with 'grml toram')
12 memtest Run Memtest86+ instead of Linux
13 fb1280x1024 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (1)
14 fb1024x768 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (2) [notice: Grml's default]
15 fb800x600 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (3)
16 nofb Disable framebuffer
17 floppy Boot from floppydisk
18 hd / hd1 / hd2 / hd3 Boot from (local) primary / secondary /... harddisk
19 debug Get shells during process of booting for debugging
20 bootchart Create chart of booting sequence in /var/log/bootchart.tgz
21 forensic Do not touch any harddisks during hardware recognition
22 serial Activate ttyS0 and start a getty
23 grub Boot Grub bootloader (special all-in-one-image)
26 hdt Boot Hardware Detection Tool (from syslinux project)
28 Further documentation regarding the boot process can be found at:
29 * http://git.grml.org/?p=live-initramfs-grml.git;a=blob_plain;f=manpages/live-initramfs.en.7.txt;hb=HEAD
30 * http://git.grml.org/?p=live-boot-grml.git;a=blob;f=manpages/en/live-boot.7;hb=HEAD
31 * http://git.debian.org/?p=kernel/initramfs-tools.git;a=blob_plain;f=initramfs-tools.8;hb=HEAD
32 * http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
34 The following boot options can be combined.
35 Notice: not all of them are available on all the Grml flavours.
36 For example the X window system is not part of grml-small.
40 grml lang=at|de|cn|da|es|fr|it Specify language ($LANG, $LC_ALL, $LANGUAGE - utf8) + keyboard
41 grml lang=nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us Specify language ($LANG, $LC_ALL, $LANGUAGE - utf8) + keyboard
42 grml lang=$LANG-iso Activate $LANG (use like in lines above) with iso-mode instead of utf8
43 grml gmt Use GMT-based time (UTC=yes)
44 grml utc Use Coordinated Universal Time (UTC=yes)
45 grml localtime Use local time (UTC=no)
46 grml tz=Europe/Vienna Use specified timezone for TZ
47 grml keyboard=us xkeyboard=us Use different keyboard layout (text-console/X)
49 Configuration settings:
50 -----------------------
51 grml myconfig=/dev/fd0 Set the DCS dir (debs, config, scripts) to the root of this device
52 DCS dir defaults to the live image or a device labeled GRMLCFG
53 If a file /config.tbz exists, it is extracted from there.
54 /dev/fd0 for floppy disk
55 /dev/sda1 for USB-stick/first SCSI-device
56 grml autoconfig=SOMELABEL Set the DCS dir to the root of the device labeled with SOMELABEL.
57 If undefined search for a device labeled with GRMLCFG.
58 grml netconfig=server/config.tbz Download file and extract configuration archive
59 grml netscript=server/file Download and execute file
60 grml partconf=/dev/sda2 Copy files specified in /etc/grml/partconf from /dev/sda2
61 to booting grml system
62 grml file=foobar.tbz Use specified file as name for configuration archive
63 instead of the default one (config.tbz)
64 grml extract=/etc Extract only /etc from configuration archive,
65 use it in combination with myconfig or netconfig
66 grml persistent=nofiles Enable persistency feature, more details available at
67 http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=persistency
68 Notice that the "=nofiles" argument is optional, though recommended
70 grml hostname=... Set hostname to given argument
71 grml hostname Set a random hostname
72 [Note: only available with releases newer than 2010.04]
73 grml nonetworking Do not create/overwrite /etc/network/interface during startup
74 grml distri=... Set distribution name to given argument. If a jpg file named like the
75 given distri name can be found in directory desktop on the ISO
76 (/cdrom/desktop/"$DISTRI") it will be taken as wallpaper for grml
77 grml debnet Search through local partitions for file /etc/network/interfaces,
78 copy /etc/network to local system and restart networking then
79 grml dns=8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 Set DNS resolvers during boot and for live system.
80 grml ip=... Standard Linux kernel ip= boot option. Arguments:
81 clientip:nfsserverip:gwip:netmask:hostname:device:autoconf
82 Valid values for autoconf: off, on, dhcp, bootp, rarp, both.
83 Almost everything is optional. Most common form: ip=dhcp
84 grml mypath=... Add specified option into $PATH of Zsh
85 For example when using "grml mypath=/foobar" then /foobar
86 will be added to the end of $PATH inside Zsh
87 grml debs Install all Debian packages from the "debs" directory of your DCS
88 directory (see myconfig=, typically the root of your ISO image).
89 grml debs=path-name-wildcard Install Debian packages from DCS directory (see myconfig=,
90 typically the root of your ISO image). If path does not contain a
91 "/" the package(s) will be installed from directory "debs" of the
92 DCS directory instead. The "path-name-wildcard" can contain
93 wildcards (e.g. debs=rat* will install a packages starting with "rat"
94 from directory debs/).
95 grml scripts=path-name Execute script (defaulting to grml.sh) inside DCS dir. Path names
96 allowed. If path-name points to a directory, all scripts found in
97 the directory are executed.
98 grml config=path-name Unpack archive that path-name points to
99 grml noautoconfig Disable searching for device labeled GRMLCFG
100 grml nobeep Disable welcome chime, sounded before grml-quickconfig starts.
102 Notice: Take a look at http://grml.org/config/ and 'man 1 grml-autoconfig'
103 for more information regarding the configuration framework of Grml.
105 Booting related options:
106 ------------------------
107 grml toram Copy the whole CD/medium to RAM and run from there
108 grml toram=filename.squashfs Copy the specified file to RAM and run from there
109 Usage example: grml toram=grml-medium.squashfs
110 Notice: grml2ram is an alias for this option which
111 corresponds with the grml flavour settings by default
112 grml tohd=/dev/sda1 Copy Grml's squashfs file to harddisk partition for later
113 use via "grml bootfrom=/dev/sda1"
114 grml bootfrom=/dev/sda1 Use the squashfs file from directory 'live' of the specified device
115 Setup can be done booting 'grml tohd=/dev/sda1' or
116 running 'rsync -a --progress /live/image/live /media/sda1/'
117 grml bootfrom=removable Restrict search for the live media to removable type only.
118 grml bootfrom=removable-usb Restrict search for the live media to usb mass storage only.
119 grml isofrom=/dev/sda1/grml.iso Use specified ISO image for booting
120 Useful when booting as a rescue system from harddisk - just boot
121 the according grml kernel and initrd using the bootoptions
122 "boot=live isofrom=/dev/sda1/grml.iso"
123 Notice: "fromiso" does the same as "isofrom", it's just there
124 to prevent any typing errors
125 grml findiso=/grml_2010.12.iso Look for the specified ISO file on all disks where it usually
126 looks for the .squashfs file (so you don't have to know the device name
128 grml fetch=$IP/filename.squashfs Download a squashfs image from a given url, copying to ram and booting it.
129 [Note: releases before 2011.05 didn't support DNS but IP only.]
130 grml live-media-path=live Sets the path to the live filesystem on the medium
131 By default, it is set to /live
132 grml nostats Don't send any information to the Grml project at startup.
133 Parameters sent are Grml version, if the cpu supports 64bit,
134 anonymized boot parameters and boot source (remote or local).
135 [Note: only available since release 2011.12]
136 grml module=grml Instead of using the default "$name.module" another file can
137 be specified without the extension ".module"; it should be placed
138 on "/live" directory of the live medium
139 Useful for Multiboot USB pen, see
140 http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=tips#multiboot_usb_pen
141 grml bootid=mybootid Use specified argument as identifier for the ISO.
142 mybootid is specified in /conf/bootid.txt on the ISO.
143 [Note: only available since release 2010.04]
144 grml ignore_bootid Disable bootid verification.
145 [Note: only available since release 2010.04]
148 Debugging related settings:
149 ---------------------------
150 grml debug Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be verbose
151 grml debug=1 Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be verbose and
152 display shell code being executed in initramfs.
153 grml debug=noscreen Get shells during process of booting, verbose, but without using GNU screen
154 grml nocolor Disable colorized output while booting
155 grml log Log error messages while booting to /tmp/grml.log.`date +%Y%m%d`"
157 grml testcd Check CD data integrity and md5sums
159 Service related settings:
160 -------------------------
161 grml ssh=password Set password for user grml and start ssh-server
162 grml startup=script Start $script instead of grml-quickconfig on startup
163 grml nosyslog Do not start syslog daemon
164 grml nogpm Disable GPM daemon
165 grml noconsolefont Disable setting of console font (using consolechars)
166 grml noblank Disable console blanking
167 grml noquick Disable grml-quickconfig startup script
168 grml wondershaper=eth0,1000,500 Set up basic traffic shaping
169 grml services={postfix,mysql,...} Start service(s) which have an init-script (/etc/init.d/)
170 grml welcome Welcome message via soundoutput
171 grml noeject Do NOT eject CD after halt/reboot
172 grml noprompt Do NOT prompt to remove the CD when halting/rebooting the system
173 grml distcc=$NETWORK,$INTERFACE Activate distcc-daemon to listen on specified network
174 and interface, usage example:
175 distcc=192.168.0.1/24,eth0
176 grml gcc=3.4 gpp=3.4 Link /usr/bin/gcc, /usr/bin/cpp and /usr/bin/c++ to specified version
177 grml startx{=windowmanager} Start X window system automatically
178 Default window manager (if not provided): wm-ng (wrapper around fluxbox)
179 grml nostartx If using startx as default bootoption the nostartx *disables* automatic
180 startup of X again. (This bootoption is relevant for grml based derivatives
181 which decide to enable startx by default only, plain grml does not use
182 automatic startup of X by default.)
183 grml vnc=password Start VNC server with startup of X.org and sets the password to the specified
184 one. To automatically start the VNC server use the startx bootoption.
185 [Note: Grml 2011.12+ doesn't include a VNC server.]
186 grml vnc_connect=host[:port] Connect to a listening VNC client ("vncviewer -listen" reverse connection).
187 Can be used to connect from devices behind firewalls as connection is
188 initiated from the VNC server instead of the VNC client. Has to be
189 combined with the vnc bootoption.
190 [Note: Grml 2011.12+ doesn't include a VNC client.]
192 Accessibility related settings:
193 --------------------------------
194 grml brltty=type,port,table Parameters for Braille device (e.g.: brltty=al,/dev/ttyS0,text.de.tbl)
195 See http://mielke.cc/brltty/guidelines.html for documentation.
197 Hardware related settings:
198 --------------------------
199 grml swap Activate present/detected swap partitions
200 grml noswraid Disable scanning for software raid arrays (creates /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf)
201 grml swraid Enable automatic assembling of software raid arrays
202 grml nodmraid Do not enable present dmraid devices.
203 grml dmraid=on Automatically enable any present dmraid devices.
204 grml dmraid=off Actively try to stop any present dmraid devices.
205 grml nolvm Disable scanning for Logical Volumes (LVM)
206 grml lvm Automatically activate Logival Volumes (LVM) during boot
207 grml readonly Make sure all harddisk devices (/dev/hd* /dev/sd*) are forced to read-only mode
208 grml ethdevice=... Use specified network device for network boot instead of default (eth0)
209 grml xmodule=ati|fbdev|i810|mga Use specified X.org-Module (1)
210 grml xmodule=nv|radeon|savage|s3 Use specified X.org-Module (2)
211 grml xmodule=radeon|svga|i810 Use specified X.org-Module (3)
212 grml no{acpi,agp,cpu,dhcp} Skip parts of HW-detection (1)
213 grml no{dma,fstab,modem} Skip parts of HW-detection (2)
214 grml no{pcmcia,scsi,swap,usb} Skip parts of HW-detection (3)
215 grml blacklist=modulename[,module2] Completely disable loading of specified module(s) via
216 blacklisting through udev's /etc/modprobe.d/grml
217 grml fwtimeout=50 Set firmware timeout via /sys/class/firmware/timeout to specified value
218 grml nosound Mute sound devices (notice: this does not deactivate loading of sound drivers!)
219 grml vol=number Set mixer volumes to level $number
220 grml micvol=number Set mixer volume of microphone to level $number (default: 0)
221 grml pnpbios=off No PnP Bios initialization
222 grml acpi=off Disable ACPI Bios completely
223 grml nofirewire Disable initialization of firewire devices in booting sequence
224 grml pci=irqmask=0x0e98 Try this, if PS/2 mouse doesn't work *)
225 grml pci=bios Workaround for bad PCI controllers
226 grml ide2=0x180 nopcmcia Boot from PCMCIA-CD-ROM (some notebooks)
227 grml mem=128M Specify Memory size in MByte
228 grml libata.force=[ID:]VAL Force configurations for libata.
229 Usage example: grml libata.force=1:pio4
230 to force pio4 mode on device "ata1:00:"
231 grml libata.dma=0 Disable DMA on PATA and SATA devices
232 grml libata.ignore_hpa=1 Disable host protected area (which should enable the whole disk)
233 grml vga=normal No-framebuffer mode (does not influence X)
234 grml vga=ask Display menu for framebuffer mode
235 grml radeon.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Radeon driver.
236 grml i915.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Intel driver.
237 grml nouveau.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Nouveau driver.
239 Installation related settings:
240 ------------------------------
242 Caution: do *NOT* use the debian2hd bootoption if you do not know what you are doing!
244 Install plain Debian via debian2hd bootoption (which runs grml-debootstrap in non-interactive mode):
246 debian2hd <options> ... whereas valid options for debian2hd are:
248 target= target partition/directory of the new Debian system, e.g.: target=/dev/sda1
249 grub= where to install grub to, e.g.: grub=/dev/sda
250 release= specify release of new Debian system (default is stable), e.g.: release=sid
251 mirror= specify mirror for apt-get/aptitude, e,g.: mirror=http://cdn.debian.net/debian
252 password= set passwort of user root without prompting for it, e.g.: password=AiTh5ahn
254 Usage example for automatic installation:
256 debian2hd target=/dev/sda1 grub=/dev/sda mirror=http://cdn.debian.net/debian password=foobar
258 See http://grml.org/grml-debootstrap/ for more information.
263 *) If your Grml-CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent
264 errors like "squashfs: read error", or programs are crashing randomly,
265 then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, your CD-burner
266 created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media or your
267 CD-ROM drive is broken. This is the most common error reported. Please
268 boot with "grml testcd" to check if the CD is OK, and/or even better,
269 verify the MD5 checksums that are present on the mirrors before writing
270 the CD. Check your CD low-level via running 'readcd -c2scan
271 dev=/dev/cdrom'. In some cases, defective IDE controllers cause this
272 error if you have DMA enabled. Also, please read the grml-FAQ.
274 *) In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of
275 the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in
276 grml noagp noapic acpi=off nodma
277 to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system.
279 *) Some boards (especially those with E-ISA slots) apparently don't pass
280 the proper memory size to the linux-kernel. It may cause the message
281 "Panic: cannot mount root file system" and the system hangs. Use "grml
282 mem=128M" to solve that problem if your system has 128MByte memory for
283 example (caution: you MUST use a capital "M" here).
285 *) The "myconfig=/dev/partition" option allows you to reconfigure the
286 system after autoconfiguration by running a bourne shell script called
287 "grml.sh" and/or extracting configuration files from a file named
288 config.tbz from the root directory on the given device (or floppy).
289 Take a look at http://grml.org/config/ for more information regarding
290 the configuration framework of grml.
292 *) If you wish to remaster the CD, please don't forget to specify
294 -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
295 -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat
297 as option to mkisofs. Otherwise your CD won't be bootable. The
298 directory live, containing the squashfs compressed filesystem file,
299 must be located in the top level directory of the CD.
301 *) Caution: screensavers: Don't start vlock or any other screensaver
302 that requires a password manually. There are no default passwords on
303 the live system - all accounts are LOCKED by default for security reasons.
304 Instead just invoke the script grml-lock which prompts for setting a
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