command line will become the default one (that's the one that will boot when
just pressing enter on the bootprompt or wait until the boot timeout matches).
+[IMPORTANT]
+By default a compatible master boot record (MBR) is installed on the device
+(being for example /dev/sdx when executing 'grml2usb grml.iso /dev/sdx1')
+and grub is being used as default bootloader. Avoid installation of the
+default MBR using the --skip-mbr option or if you encounter any problems
+with the default MBR consider using --syslinux-mbr instead. If bootloader
+grub doesn't work for you check out the --syslinux option.
+
Options
-------
-The ISO[s] might be the path to one or multiple grml-ISOs as well as the path to
-the currently running live-system (being /live/image).
+The ISO[s] is the path to one or multiple grml-ISOs.
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+TODO:
+as well as the path to the currently running live-system (being /live/image).
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-The device either might be a device name like /dev/sda1 or a directory. When
+The device either might be a device name like /dev/sdx1 or a directory. When
specifying a device name the device is mounted automatically. When specifying a
-directory it won't be touched but instead grml2usb is assuming that you did set
-up a bootloader on your own and a bootloader won't be installed automatically.
+directory grml2usb is assuming that you did set up a bootloader on your own (or
+don't need one) and a bootloader won't be installed automatically.
The following options are supported:
*--bootloader-only*::
-Do *not* copy files but instead just install a bootloader.
+Do *not* copy files but instead just install a bootloader. Note that the boot
+addons are copied to /boot/addons at this stage as well. If you want to skip
+copying the boot addons consider using the --skip-addons option.
*--copy-only*::
Force any (possible dangerous) actions requiring manual interaction (like --fat16).
- *--grub*::
-
-Install grub bootloader instead of syslinux.
-
*--help*::
Display usage information and exit.
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
*--initrd=...*::
Install specified initrd instead of the default. You might want to specify
option *--kernel* as well. (Be aware when using multiboot setup.)
[Notice: not implemented yet.]
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
*--kernel=...*::
Install specified kernel instead of the default. You might want to specify
option *--initrd* as well. (Be aware when using multiboot setup.)
[Notice: not implemented yet.]
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
- *--lilo=...*::
+ *--lilo-binary=...*::
-Use specified lilo executable for installing master boot record (MBR). By
-default any system wide (from $PATH) lilo executable is taken. If there can not
-be find any lilo executable the statically compiled version of the grml2usb
-Debian package (see /usr/share/grml2usb/lilo/lilo.static.[amd64|i386]) is taken.
+Use specified lilo executable for installing master boot record (MBR) when using
+the --syslinux-mbr option. By default any system wide (from $PATH) lilo
+executable is taken. If there can not be find any lilo executable the
+statically compiled version of the grml2usb Debian package (see
+/usr/share/grml2usb/lilo/lilo.static.[amd64|i386]) is taken.
+
+ *--mbr-manager=...*::
+
+Install master boot record (MBR) with integrated boot manager, providing a
+simple selection for specifying the device for booting from. This options is
+available only when using the default MBR and won't work if using the
+--syslinux-mbr option.
*--quiet*::
Do not install /boot/addons/ files (like dos, grub, memdisk,...).
+ *--skip-mbr*::
+
+Do not touch/install the master boot record (MBR).
+
+ *--syslinux*::
+
+Install syslinux bootloader instead of the default (being grub).
+
+ *--syslinux-mbr*::
+
+Install syslinux master boot record (MBR) instead of the default one. By
+default a very compatible MBR is installed, if you encounter any problems
+with it you can try using the syslinux MBR instead. If that works for you please
+<<X7,let us know>> so we can adjust our default MBR accordingly.
+Note: When using the --syslinux-mbr option lilo is executed before the MBR
+is installed so the according partitions are set active.
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
*--squashfs=*::
Install specified squashfs file instead of the default.
[Notice: not implemented yet.]
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
*--uninstall*::
Uninstall grml ISO files.
[Notice: not implemented yet.]
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
*-v*, *--version*::
boot/ ->
|-- addons/
- | |-- allinone.img
- | |-- balder10.imz
- | |-- chain.c32
- | |-- memdisk
- | `-- menu.c32
+ | |-- allinone.img [grub - all in one image]
+ | |-- bsd4grml/ [MirBSD]
+ | |-- balder10.imz [FreeDOS]
+ | |-- memdisk [chainloading helper]
+ | |-- memtest [memtest86+]
|-- release/
| |-- grml/
- | | |-- linux26
- | | |-- initrd.gz
+ | | |-- linux26 [Kernel]
+ | | |-- initrd.gz [initramfs]
| |-- grml64
- | | |-- linux26
- | | |-- initrd.gz
+ | | |-- linux26 [Kernel]
+ | | |-- initrd.gz [initramfs]
| |-- grml-medium
- | | |-- linux26
+ | | |-- linux26 [...]
| | |-- initrd.gz
| |-- grml64-medium
| | |-- linux26
| |-- linux26
| |-- initrd.gz
|-- grub/
- | |-- menu.lst
- | |-- splash.xpm.gz
- | `-- stage2_eltorito
+ | |-- grml.png [splash screen for grub2]
+ | |-- grub.cfg [configuration file for grub2]
+ | |-- menu.lst [configuration file for grub1]
+ | |-- splash.xpm.gz [splash screen for grub1]
`-- syslinux/
- |-- boot.msg
- |-- f1
- |-- f2
- |-- f3
+ |-- boot.msg [boot splash for syslinux]
+ |-- f1 [screen when pressing f1]
+ |-- f2 [screen when pressing f2]
+ |-- f3 [...]
|-- f4
|-- f5
|-- f6
|-- f8
|-- f9
|-- f10
- |-- logo.16
- `-- syslinux.cfg
+ |-- logo.16 [graphical part of boot splash]
+ `-- syslinux.cfg [configuration file for syslinux]
grml/
- |-- grml2usb.txt
- |-- grml-cheatcodes.txt
- |-- grml-version.txt
- |-- LICENSE.txt
- |-- md5sums
- |-- README.txt
- `-- web/
+ |-- grml2usb.txt [not yet implemented]
+ |-- grml-cheatcodes.txt [list of bootoptions for grml]
+ |-- grml-version.txt [file containing information about grml-version]
+ |-- LICENSE.txt [license information]
+ |-- md5sums [md5sums of original ISO]
+ |-- README.txt [informational text]
+ `-- web/ [browser related files]
|-- index.html
|-- style.css
`-- images/
`-- logo.png
live/
- |-- filesystem.module
- |-- grml.squashfs
- |-- grml-medium.module
- |-- grml-medium.squashfs
- |-- grml-small.module
- |-- grml-small.squashfs
- |-- grml64.module
- |-- grml64.squashfs
- |-- grml64-medium.module
- |-- grml64-medium.squashfs
- |-- grml64-small.module
- `-- grml64-small.squashfs
+ |-- grml/
+ | |-- filesystem.module [module specifying which squashfs should be used for grml]
+ | `-- grml.squashfs [squashfs file for grml]
+ |-- grml-medium/
+ | |-- filesystem.module [module specifying which squashfs should be used for grml-medium]
+ | `-- grml-medium.squashfs [squashfs file for grml-medium]
+ |-- grml-small/
+ | |-- filesystem.module [module specifying which squashfs should be used for grml-medium]
+ | `-- grml-small.squashfs [squashfs file for grml-small]
+ `-- ...
Grabbing the source
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Performance tracing
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- # blktrace -d /dev/sdb -o - | blkparse -i -
- # grml2usb grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1
+ # blktrace -d /dev/sdx -o - | blkparse -i -
+ # grml2usb grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdx1
+
+[[X6]]
+Troubleshooting and Pitfalls when booting
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Here is a list of common error messages from BIOS/bootloader when trying to boot
+from USB.
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+TODO: better list type for the error message / reason part?
+See http://www.methods.co.nz/asciidoc/userguide.html
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+[horizontal]
+*Error message*:: ran out of input data. System halted
+
+*Reason*:: Everything OK, except for the filesystem used on your usb device. So
+instead of fat16 you are using for example fat32. Fix: use the appropriate
+filesystem (fat16 for usb pens usually). The Bootsplash might be displayed, the
+kernel loads but you very soon get the error message.
+
+*Error message*:: Invalid operating system
+
+*Reason*:: the partition layout is not ok. Very probably there's no primary
+ partition (/dev/sdX{1..4}) or none has the flag 'bootable' set.
+
+*Error message*:: No operating system found.
+
+*Reason*:: you forgot to set the boot-flag on the partition. Or there really isn't
+any operating system at all. :)
+
+*Error message*:: kernel-panic: unable to mount root-fs...
+
+*Reason*:: Kernel boots but fails to find the root filesystem. The root=
+argument in your kernel commandline is pointing to the wrong device. Adjust
+root=..., consider using root=UUID=....
+
+*Error message*:: Could not find kernel image: ...
+
+*Reason*:: either a broken isolinux/syslinux version or a broken BIOS. Check out
+whether the vendor provides a BIOS update or if using bootloader grub instead of
+isolinux/syslinux fixes the problem.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
--------------------------------
install the new ISO using grml2usb) and you can carry additional files on a
writable medium with yourself.
+Why is there a menu.lst and a grub.cfg inside /boot/grub/?
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+grml2usb supports grub version 1 (grub1) as well as grub version 2 (grub2).
+Whereas grub1 uses menu.lst the new version grub2 needs grub.cfg.
+Providing both files allows grml2usb to install grub on the target device
+no matter which grub version is available on the host where grml2usb is
+executed on.
+
+grub-install fails with 'The file ../boot/grub/stage1 not read correctly"?!
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Check whether the partition has the right partition type. For example do NOT use
+FAT16 (partition type 6) when using a ext3 filesystem on the partition but
+instead use the correct partition type ('83' - Linux) then.
+
+grub-install complains about /sbin/grub-install and/or xfs_freeze?!
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The following message:
+
+ You shouldn't call /sbin/grub-install. Please call /usr/sbin/grub-install instead!
+ xfs_freeze: specified file ["/tmp/tmpqaBK6z/boot/grub"] is not on an XFS filesystem
+
+... is "normal". grub-install sends those messages to stderr. To avoid hiding any
+possible real error messages grml2usb doesn't ignore those messages.
+
Why do I have to use a FAT16 filesystem?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-You have to use a FAT16 filesystem if you consider using syslinux (being the
-default). Syslinux currently does not support any other filesystems. If you want
-to use another filesystem (like ext2/3) consider using the --grub option
-instead.
+You have to use a FAT16 filesystem only if you consider using syslinux, Syslinux
+(currently) does not support any other filesystems. If you want to use another
+filesystem (like ext2/3) just don't use syslinux (drop the --syslinux option)
+but use the default bootloader (grub) instead.
I think I've got a really cool idea!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-Please <<X7,report it to the author>>. Or even better: send us a patch.
+Great! Please check out
+link:http://git.grml.org/?p=grml2usb.git;a=blob;f=TODO;hb=HEAD[the TODO file].
+Feel free to <<X7,report your wishes to the author>>. Patches highly
+appreciated.
+
+I've problems with booting from USB.
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Check out <<X6,Troubleshooting and Pitfalls when booting>>.
I've found a bug!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Usage examples
--------------
- # grml2usb /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1
+ # grml2usb /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdx1
-Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1.
+Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1.
- # grml2usb /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /home/grml/grml_small_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1
+ # grml2usb /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /home/grml/grml_small_2008.11.iso /dev/sdx1
-Install specified ISOs on device /dev/sdb1 for multibooting ISOs.
+Install specified ISOs on device /dev/sdx1 for multibooting ISOs.
Note: boot "grml" as usual, for booting grml-small use "grml-small on the
bootprompt, for grml64 use "grml64" and so on... The *first* specified ISO is
the one being the default (when just pressing enter or waiting until the timeout
is reached).
- # grml2usb --fat16 /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1
+ # grml2usb --fat16 /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdx1
-Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1 and format partition /dev/sdb1 with
+Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1 and format partition /dev/sdx1 with
FAT16 filesystem.
- # grml2usb --grub /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1
+ # grml2usb --syslinux /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdx1
-Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1 and use Grub as bootloader
-(instead of syslinux being the default).
+Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1 and use syslinux as bootloader
+(instead of grub being the default).
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
# grml2usb --kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.28-grml --initrd=/boot/initrd.img-2.6.28-grml \
- /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1
+ /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdx1
-Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1 but use given kernel and initrd
+Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1 but use given kernel and initrd
instead of the ones provided by the ISO.
# grml2usb --squashfs=/grml/grml-live/grml_cd/live/grml.squashfs \
- /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1
+ /home/grml/grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdx1
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1 but use given squashfs
+Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1 but use given squashfs
file instead of the one provided by the ISO.
- # grml2usb --bootoptions="lang=de ssh=mysecret" grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdb1
+ # grml2usb --bootoptions="lang=de ssh=mysecret" grml_2008.11.iso /dev/sdx1
-Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdb1 and use "lang=de ssh=mysecret" as
+Install specified ISO on device /dev/sdx1 and use "lang=de ssh=mysecret" as
default bootoptions.
Online Ressources
projects / grml2usb.git / blobdiff