1 CHEATCODES AND HINTS FOR GRML
2 ==============================================================================
4 These options work from the (isolinux/grub) bootprompt of Grml based (live) systems.
6 The following kernel options are available (do NOT use them as 'grml $OPTION',
7 use them as '$OPTION'!):
9 grml Use default settings (same as just pressing return)
10 grml2ram Copy Grml's squashfs file to RAM and
11 run from there (compare with 'grml toram')
12 memtest Run Memtest86+ instead of Linux
13 fb1280x1024 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (1)
14 fb1024x768 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (2) [notice: Grml's default]
15 fb800x600 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (3)
16 nofb Disable framebuffer
17 floppy Boot from floppydisk
18 hd / hd1 / hd2 / hd3 Boot from (local) primary / secondary /... harddisk
19 failsafe Boot with (almost) no HW-detection
20 debug Get shells during process of booting for debugging
21 bootchart Create chart of booting sequence in /var/log/bootchart.tgz
22 forensic Do not touch any harddisks during hardware recognition
23 serial Activate ttyS0 and start a getty
24 grub Boot Grub bootloader (special all-in-one-image)
27 hdt Boot Hardware Detection Tool (from syslinux project)
29 Further documentation regarding the boot process can be found at:
30 * http://git.grml.org/?p=live-initramfs-grml.git;a=blob_plain;f=manpages/live-initramfs.en.7.txt;hb=HEAD
31 * http://git.grml.org/?p=live-boot-grml.git;a=blob;f=manpages/en/live-boot.7;hb=HEAD
32 * http://git.debian.org/?p=kernel/initramfs-tools.git;a=blob_plain;f=initramfs-tools.8;hb=HEAD
33 * http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
35 The following boot options can be combined.
36 Notice: not all of them are available on all the Grml flavours.
37 For example the X window system is not part of grml-small.
41 grml lang=at|de|cn|da|es|fr|it Specify language ($LANG, $LC_ALL, $LANGUAGE - utf8) + keyboard
42 grml lang=nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us Specify language ($LANG, $LC_ALL, $LANGUAGE - utf8) + keyboard
43 grml lang=$LANG-iso Activate $LANG (use like in lines above) with iso-mode instead of utf8
44 grml gmt Use GMT-based time (UTC=yes)
45 grml utc Use Coordinated Universal Time (UTC=yes)
46 grml localtime Use local time (UTC=no)
47 grml tz=Europe/Vienna Use specified timezone for TZ
48 grml keyboard=us xkeyboard=us Use different keyboard layout (text-console/X)
50 Configuration settings:
51 -----------------------
52 grml myconfig=/dev/fd0 Set the DCS dir (debs, config, scripts) to the root of this device
53 DCS dir defaults to the live image or a device labeled GRMLCFG
54 If a file /config.tbz exists, it is extracted from there.
55 /dev/fd0 for floppy disk
56 /dev/sda1 for USB-stick/first SCSI-device
57 grml autoconfig=SOMELABEL Set the DCS dir to the root of the device labeled with SOMELABEL.
58 If undefined search for a device labeled with GRMLCFG.
59 grml netconfig=server/config.tbz Download file and extract configuration archive
60 grml netscript=server/file Download and execute file
61 grml partconf=/dev/sda2 Copy files specified in /etc/grml/partconf from /dev/sda2
62 to booting grml system
63 grml file=foobar.tbz Use specified file as name for configuration archive
64 instead of the default one (config.tbz)
65 grml extract=/etc Extract only /etc from configuration archive,
66 use it in combination with myconfig or netconfig
67 grml persistent=nofiles Enable persistency feature, more details available at
68 http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=persistency
69 Notice that the "=nofiles" argument is optional, though recommended
71 grml hostname=... Set hostname to given argument
72 grml hostname Set a random hostname
73 [Note: only available with releases newer than 2010.04]
74 grml nodhcphostname Do not to set the hostname according to the dns information
75 grml nonetworking Do not create/overwrite /etc/network/interface during startup
76 grml distri=... Set distribution name to given argument. If a jpg file named like the
77 given distri name can be found in directory desktop on the ISO
78 (/cdrom/desktop/"$DISTRI") it will be taken as wallpaper for grml
79 grml debnet Search through local partitions for file /etc/network/interfaces,
80 copy /etc/network to local system and restart networking then
81 grml dns=8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 Set DNS resolvers during boot and for live system.
82 grml ip=... Standard Linux kernel ip= boot option. Arguments:
83 clientip:nfsserverip:gwip:netmask:hostname:device:autoconf
84 Valid values for autoconf: off, on, dhcp, bootp, rarp, both.
85 Almost everything is optional. Most common form: ip=dhcp
86 grml mypath=... Add specified option into $PATH of Zsh
87 For example when using "grml mypath=/foobar" then /foobar
88 will be added to the end of $PATH inside Zsh
89 grml debs Install all Debian packages from the "debs" directory of your DCS
90 directory (see myconfig=, typically the root of your ISO image).
91 grml debs=path-name-wildcard Install Debian packages from DCS directory (see myconfig=,
92 typically the root of your ISO image). If path does not contain a
93 "/" the package(s) will be installed from directory "debs" of the
94 DCS directory instead. The "path-name-wildcard" can contain
95 wildcards (e.g. debs=rat* will install a packages starting with "rat"
96 from directory debs/).
97 grml scripts=path-name Execute script (defaulting to grml.sh) inside DCS dir. Path names
98 allowed. If path-name points to a directory, all scripts found in
99 the directory are executed.
100 grml config=path-name Unpack archive that path-name points to
101 grml noautoconfig Disable searching for device labeled GRMLCFG
103 Notice: Take a look at http://grml.org/config/ and 'man 1 grml-autoconfig'
104 for more information regarding the configuration framework of Grml.
106 Booting related options:
107 ------------------------
108 grml toram Copy the whole CD/medium to RAM and run from there
109 grml toram=filename.squashfs Copy the specified file to RAM and run from there
110 Usage example: grml toram=grml-medium.squashfs
111 Notice: grml2ram is an alias for this option which
112 corresponds with the grml flavour settings by default
113 grml tohd=/dev/sda1 Copy Grml's squashfs file to harddisk partition for later
114 use via "grml bootfrom=/dev/sda1"
115 grml bootfrom=/dev/sda1 Use the squashfs file from directory 'live' of the specified device
116 Setup can be done booting 'grml tohd=/dev/sda1' or
117 running 'rsync -a --progress /live/image/live /mnt/sda1/'
118 grml bootfrom=removable Restrict search for the live media to removable type only.
119 grml bootfrom=removable-usb Restrict search for the live media to usb mass storage only.
120 grml isofrom=/dev/sda1/grml.iso Use specified ISO image for booting
121 Useful when booting as a rescue system from harddisk - just boot
122 the according grml kernel and initrd using the bootoptions
123 "boot=live isofrom=/dev/sda1/grml.iso"
124 Notice: "fromiso" does the same as "isofrom", it's just there
125 to prevent any typing errors
126 grml findiso=/grml_2010.12.iso Look for the specified ISO file on all disks where it usually
127 looks for the .squashfs file (so you don't have to know the device name
129 grml fetch=$IP/filename.squashfs Download a squashfs image from a given url, copying to ram and booting it.
130 [Note: releases before 2011.05 didn't support DNS but IP only.]
131 grml live-media-path=live Sets the path to the live filesystem on the medium
132 By default, it is set to /live
133 grml module=grml Instead of using the default "$name.module" another file can
134 be specified without the extension ".module"; it should be placed
135 on "/live" directory of the live medium
136 Useful for Multiboot USB pen, see
137 http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=tips#multiboot_usb_pen
138 grml bootid=mybootid Use specified argument as identifier for the ISO.
139 mybootid is specified in /conf/bootid.txt on the ISO.
140 [Note: only available since release 2010.04]
141 grml ignore_bootid Disable bootid verification.
142 [Note: only available since release 2010.04]
145 Debugging related settings:
146 ---------------------------
147 grml debug Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be verbose
148 grml debug=1 Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be verbose and
149 display shell code being executed in initramfs.
150 grml debug=noscreen Get shells during process of booting, verbose, but without using GNU screen
151 grml nocolor Disable colorized output while booting
152 grml log Log error messages while booting to /tmp/grml.log.`date +%Y%m%d`"
154 grml testcd Check CD data integrity and md5sums
156 Service related settings:
157 -------------------------
158 grml ssh=password Set password for user grml and start ssh-server
159 grml startup=script Start $script instead of grml-quickconfig on startup
160 grml nosyslog Do not start syslog daemon
161 grml nogpm Disable GPM daemon
162 grml noconsolefont Disable setting of console font (using consolechars)
163 grml noblank Disable console blanking
164 grml noquick Disable grml-quickconfig startup script
165 grml small Do not start that many consoles
166 grml wondershaper=eth0,1000,500 Set up basic traffic shaping
167 grml services={postfix,mysql,...} Start service(s) which have an init-script (/etc/init.d/)
168 grml welcome Welcome message via soundoutput
169 grml noeject Do NOT eject CD after halt/reboot
170 grml noprompt Do NOT prompt to remove the CD when halting/rebooting the system
171 grml distcc=$NETWORK,$INTERFACE Activate distcc-daemon to listen on specified network
172 and interface, usage example:
173 distcc=192.168.0.1/24,eth0
174 grml gcc=3.4 gpp=3.4 Link /usr/bin/gcc, /usr/bin/cpp and /usr/bin/c++ to specified version
175 grml startx{=windowmanager} Start X window system automatically
176 Default window manager (if not provided): wm-ng (wrapper around fluxbox)
177 grml nostartx If using startx as default bootoption the nostartx *disables* automatic
178 startup of X again. (This bootoption is relevant for grml based derivatives
179 which decide to enable startx by default only, plain grml does not use
180 automatic startup of X by default.)
182 Hardware related settings:
183 --------------------------
184 grml swap Activate present/detected swap partitions
185 grml noswraid Disable scanning for software raid arrays (creates /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf)
186 grml swraid Enable automatic assembling of software raid arrays
187 grml nodmraid Do not enable present dmraid devices.
188 grml dmraid=on Automatically enable any present dmraid devices.
189 grml dmraid=off Actively try to stop any present dmraid devices.
190 grml nolvm Disable scanning for Logical Volumes (LVM)
191 grml lvm Automatically activate Logival Volumes (LVM) during boot
192 grml readonly Make sure all harddisk devices (/dev/hd* /dev/sd*) are forced to read-only mode
193 grml ethdevice=... Use specified network device for network boot instead of default (eth0)
194 grml xmodule=ati|fbdev|i810|mga Use specified X.org-Module (1)
195 grml xmodule=nv|radeon|savage|s3 Use specified X.org-Module (2)
196 grml xmodule=radeon|svga|i810 Use specified X.org-Module (3)
197 grml no{acpi,agp,cpu,dhcp} Skip parts of HW-detection (1)
198 grml no{dma,fstab,modem} Skip parts of HW-detection (2)
199 grml no{pcmcia,scsi,swap,usb} Skip parts of HW-detection (3)
200 grml blacklist=modulename[,module2] Completely disable loading of specified module(s) via
201 blacklisting through udev's /etc/modprobe.d/grml
202 grml fwtimeout=50 Set firmware timeout via /sys/class/firmware/timeout to specified value
203 grml nosound Mute sound devices (notice: this does not deactivate loading of sound drivers!)
204 grml vol=number Set mixer volumes to level $number
205 grml micvol=number Set mixer volume of microphone to level $number (default: 0)
206 grml pnpbios=off No PnP Bios initialization
207 grml acpi=off Disable ACPI Bios completely
208 grml nofirewire Disable initialization of firewire devices in booting sequence
209 grml pci=irqmask=0x0e98 Try this, if PS/2 mouse doesn't work *)
210 grml pci=bios Workaround for bad PCI controllers
211 grml ide2=0x180 nopcmcia Boot from PCMCIA-CD-ROM (some notebooks)
212 grml mem=128M Specify Memory size in MByte
213 grml libata.force=[ID:]VAL Force configurations for libata.
214 Usage example: grml libata.force=1:pio4
215 to force pio4 mode on device "ata1:00:"
216 grml libata.dma=0 Disable DMA on PATA and SATA devices
217 grml libata.ignore_hpa=1 Disable host protected area (which should enable the whole disk)
218 grml vga=normal No-framebuffer mode (does not influence X)
219 grml vga=ask Display menu for framebuffer mode
220 grml radeon.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Radeon driver.
221 grml i915.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Intel driver.
222 grml nouveau.modeset=0 nomodeset Disable Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) for Nouveau driver.
224 Installation related settings:
225 ------------------------------
227 Caution: do *NOT* use the debian2hd bootoption if you do not know what you are doing!
229 Install plain Debian via debian2hd bootoption (which runs grml-debootstrap in non-interactive mode):
231 debian2hd <options> ... whereas valid options for debian2hd are:
233 target= target partition/directory of the new Debian system, e.g.: target=/dev/sda1
234 grub= where to install grub to, e.g.: grub=/dev/sda
235 release= specify release of new Debian system (default is stable), e.g.: release=sid
236 mirror= specify mirror for apt-get/aptitude, e,g.: mirror=http://cdn.debian.net/debian
237 password= set passwort of user root without prompting for it, e.g.: password=AiTh5ahn
239 Usage example for automatic installation:
241 debian2hd target=/dev/sda1 grub=/dev/sda mirror=http://cdn.debian.net/debian password=foobar
243 See http://grml.org/grml-debootstrap/ for more information.
248 *) If your Grml-CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent
249 errors like "squashfs: read error", or programs are crashing randomly,
250 then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, your CD-burner
251 created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media or your
252 CD-ROM drive is broken. This is the most common error reported. Please
253 boot with "grml testcd" to check if the CD is OK, and/or even better,
254 verify the MD5 checksums that are present on the mirrors before writing
255 the CD. Check your CD low-level via running 'readcd -c2scan
256 dev=/dev/cdrom'. In some cases, defective IDE controllers cause this
257 error if you have DMA enabled. Also, please read the grml-FAQ.
259 *) In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of
260 the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in
261 grml noagp noapic acpi=off nodma
262 to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system.
264 *) Some boards (especially those with E-ISA slots) apparently don't pass
265 the proper memory size to the linux-kernel. It may cause the message
266 "Panic: cannot mount root file system" and the system hangs. Use "grml
267 mem=128M" to solve that problem if your system has 128MByte memory for
268 example (caution: you MUST use a capital "M" here).
270 *) The "myconfig=/dev/partition" option allows you to reconfigure the
271 system after autoconfiguration by running a bourne shell script called
272 "grml.sh" and/or extracting configuration files from a file named
273 config.tbz from the root directory on the given device (or floppy).
274 Take a look at http://grml.org/config/ for more information regarding
275 the configuration framework of grml.
277 *) If you wish to remaster the CD, please don't forget to specify
279 -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
280 -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat
282 as option to mkisofs. Otherwise your CD won't be bootable. The
283 directory live, containing the squashfs compressed filesystem file,
284 must be located in the top level directory of the CD.
286 *) Caution: screensavers: Don't start vlock or any other screensaver
287 that requires a password manually. There are no default passwords on
288 the live system - all accounts are LOCKED by default for security reasons.
289 Instead just invoke the script grml-lock which prompts for setting a