1 CHEATCODES AND HINTS FOR GRML
2 ==============================================================================
4 These options work from the (isolinux/grub) bootprompt of grml based (live) systems.
6 The following kernel options are available (do NOT use them as 'grml $OPTION',
7 use them as '$OPTION'!):
9 grml Use default settings (same as just pressing return)
10 grml2ram Copy grml's squashfs file to RAM and
11 run from there (compare with 'grml toram')
12 memtest Run Memtest86+ instead of Linux
13 fb1280x1024 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (1)
14 fb1024x768 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (2) [notice: grml's default]
15 fb800x600 Use fixed framebuffer graphics (3)
16 nofb Disable framebuffer
17 floppy Boot from floppydisk
18 hd / hd1 / hd2 / hd3 Boot from (local) primary / secondary /... harddisk
19 failsafe Boot with (almost) no HW-detection
20 debug Get shells during process of booting for debugging
21 bootchart Create chart of booting sequence in /var/log/bootchart.tgz
22 forensic Do not touch any harddisks during hardware recognition
23 serial Activate ttyS0 and start mgetty
24 grub Boot Grub bootloader (special all-in-one-image)
27 hdt Boot Hardware Detection Tool (from syslinux project)
28 qemu Boot with special options for use in Qemu
29 vmware Boot with special options for use in VMware
31 The following boot options can be combined.
32 Notice: not all of the them are available on all the grml flavours.
33 For example the X window system is not part of grml-small.
37 grml lang=at|de|cn|da|es|fr|it Specify language ($LANG, $LC_ALL, $LANGUAGE - utf8) + keyboard
38 grml lang=nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|us Specify language ($LANG, $LC_ALL, $LANGUAGE - utf8) + keyboard
39 grml lang=$LANG-iso Activate $LANG (use like in lines above) with iso-mode instead of utf8
40 grml gmt Use GMT-based time
41 grml tz=Europe/Vienna Use this timezone for TZ
42 grml keyboard=us xkeyboard=us Use different keyboard layout (text-console/X)
43 grml setkeycodes Set some special function keys for MS/HP keyboards
45 Configuration settings:
46 -----------------------
47 grml myconfig=/dev/fd0 Set the DCS dir (debs, config, scripts) to the root of this device
48 DCS dir defaults to the live image or a device labeled GRMLCFG
49 If a file /config.tbz exists, it is extracted from there.
50 /dev/fd0 for floppy disk
51 /dev/sda1 for USB-stick/first SCSI-device
52 grml netconfig=server/config.tbz Download file and extract configuration archive
53 grml netscript=server/file Download and execute file
54 grml partconf=/dev/hda2 Copy files specified in /etc/grml/partconf from /dev/hda2
55 to booting grml system
56 grml file=foobar.tbz Use specified file as name for configuration archive
57 instead of the default one (config.tbz)
58 grml extract=/etc Extract only /etc from configuration archive,
59 use it in combination with myconfig or netconfig
60 grml persistent Enable persistency feature, more details available at
61 http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=persistency
62 grml hostname=... Set hostname
63 grml nodhcphostname Do not to set the hostname according to the dns information
64 grml distri=... Set distribution name to given argument. If a jpg file named like the
65 given distri name can be found in directory desktop on the ISO
66 (/cdrom/desktop/"$DISTRI") it will be taken as wallpaper for grml
67 grml debnet Search through local partitions for file /etc/network/interfaces,
68 copy /etc/network to local system and restart networking then
69 grml mypath=... Add specified option into $PATH of Zsh
70 For example when using "grml mypath=/foobar" then /foobar
71 will be added to the end of $PATH inside Zsh
72 grml debs=path-name-wildcard install Debian packages matching the path-name-wildcard in the
74 grml scripts=path-name execute script (defaulting to grml.sh) inside DCS dir. Path names
75 allowed. If path-name points to a directory, all scripts found in
76 the directory are executed.
77 grml config=path-name unpack archive that path-name points to
78 grml noautoconfig Disable searching for device labeled GRMLCFG
80 Notice: Take a look at http://grml.org/config/ and 'man 1 grml-autoconfig'
81 for more information regarding the configuration framework of grml.
83 Booting related options:
84 ------------------------
85 grml2ram Copy grml's squashfs file to RAM and run from there
86 grml toram Copy the whole CD/medium to RAM and run from there
87 grml toram=filename.squashfs Copy the specified file to RAM and run from there
88 Usage example: grml toram=grml-medium.squashfs
89 Notice: grml2ram is an alias for this option which
90 corresponds with the grml flavour settings by default
92 grml tohd=/dev/sda1 Copy grml's squashfs file to harddisk partition for later
93 use via "grml bootfrom=/dev/sda1"
94 grml bootfrom=/dev/sda1 Use the squashfs file from directory 'live' of the specified device
95 Setup can be done booting 'grml tohd=/dev/sda1' or
96 running 'rsync -a --progress /live/image/live /mnt/sda1/'
97 grml bootfrom=removable Restrict search for the live media to removable type only.
98 grml bootfrom=removable-usb Restrict search for the live media to usb mass storage only.
99 grml isofrom=/dev/sda1/grml.iso Use specified ISO image for booting
100 Useful when booting as a rescue system from harddisk - just boot
101 the according grml kernel and initrd using the bootoptions
102 "boot=live isofrom=/dev/sda1/grml.iso"
103 Notice: "fromiso" does the same as "isofrom", it's just there
104 to prevent any typing errors
105 grml findiso=/grml_2010.04.iso Look for the specified ISO file on all disks where it usually
106 looks for the .squashfs file (so you don't have to know the device name
108 grml live-media-path=live Sets the path to the live filesystem on the medium
109 By default, it is set to /live
110 grml module=grml Instead of using the default "$name.module" another file can
111 be specified without the extension ".module"; it should be placed
112 on "/live" directory of the live medium
113 Useful for Multiboot USB pen, see
114 http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=tips#multiboot_usb_pen
115 grml bootid=mybootid Use specified argument as identifier for the ISO.
116 [Note: only available since release 2010.04]
117 grml ignore_bootid Disable bootid verification.
118 [Note: only available since release 2010.04]
121 Debugging related settings:
122 ---------------------------
123 debug Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be very verbose
124 grml debug Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be verbose
125 grml debug=1 Get shells during process of booting, using GNU screen, be verbose and
126 display shell code being executed in initramfs.
127 grml debug=noscreen Get shells during process of booting, verbose, but without using GNU screen
128 grml nocolor Disable colorized output while booting
129 grml log Log error messages while booting to /tmp/grml.log.`date +%Y%m%d`"
131 grml testcd Check CD data integrity and md5sums
133 Service related settings:
134 -------------------------
135 grml ssh=password Set password for user grml and start ssh-server
136 grml startup=script Start $script instead of grml-quickconfig on startup
137 grml nosyslog Do not start syslog daemon
138 grml nogpm Disable GPM daemon
139 grml noconsolefont Disable setting of console font (using consolechars)
140 grml noblank Disable console blanking
141 grml tsplash Text based bootsplash
142 grml noquick Disable grml-quickconfig startup script
143 grml small Do not start that many consoles
144 grml wondershaper=eth0,1000,500 Set up basic traffic shaping
145 grml services={postfix,mysql,...} Start service(s) which have an init-script (/etc/init.d/)
146 grml welcome Welcome message via soundoutput
147 grml noeject Do NOT eject CD after halt/reboot
148 grml noprompt Do NOT prompt to remove the CD when halting/rebooting the system
149 grml distcc=$NETWORK,$INTERFACE Activate distcc-daemon to listen on specified network
150 and interface, usage example:
151 distcc=192.168.0.1/24,eth0
152 grml gcc=3.4 gpp=3.4 Link /usr/bin/gcc, /usr/bin/cpp and /usr/bin/c++ to specified version
153 grml startx{=windowmanager} Start X window system automatically
154 Default window manager (if not provided): wm-ng (wrapper around fluxbox)
155 grml nostartx If using startx as default bootoption the nostartx *disables* automatic
156 startup of X again. (This bootoption is relevant for grml based derivatives
157 which decide to enable startx by default only, plain grml does not use
158 automatic startup of X by default.)
160 Accessibility related settings:
161 -------------------------------
162 grml blind Start Braille-Terminal (no X)
163 grml hwspeak Probe all available speakup hardware modules
164 grml swspeak Prepare system for use with software synthesizer through speakup
165 Run 'swspeak' after booting up to activate sound output
166 grml swspeak=espeak Use espeakup (if available) as connector to speakup
167 Run 'swspeak' after booting up to activate sound output
168 grml swspeak=speechd Use speech-dispatcher / speechd-up (if available) as connector to speakup
169 Run 'swspeak' after booting up to activate sound output
170 grml brltty=type,port,table Parameters for Braille device (e.g.: brltty=al,/dev/ttyS0,text.de.tbl)
171 grml speakup.synth=... Use speakup kernel module with given hardware type
172 Usage example: speakup.synth=apollo
174 Hardware related settings:
175 --------------------------
176 grml swap Activate present/detected swap partitions
177 grml noswraid Disable scanning for software raid arrays (creates /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf)
178 grml swraid Enable automatic assembling of software raid arrays
179 grml nodmraid Do not enable present dmraid devices.
180 grml dmraid=on Automatically enable any present dmraid devices.
181 grml dmraid=off Actively try to stop any present dmraid devices.
182 grml nolvm Disable scanning for Logical Volumes (LVM)
183 grml lvm Automatically activate Logival Volumes (LVM) during boot
184 grml readonly Make sure all harddisk devices (/dev/hd* /dev/sd*) are forced to read-only mode
185 grml ethdevice=... Use specified network device for network boot instead of default (eth0)
186 grml xmodule=ati|fbdev|i810|mga Use specified X.org-Module (1)
187 grml xmodule=nv|radeon|savage|s3 Use specified X.org-Module (2)
188 grml xmodule=radeon|svga|i810 Use specified X.org-Module (3)
189 grml no{acpi,agp,apm,cpu,dhcp} Skip parts of HW-detection (1)
190 grml no{dma,fstab,modem} Skip parts of HW-detection (2)
191 grml no{pcmcia,scsi,swap,usb} Skip parts of HW-detection (3)
192 grml 915resolution=... Start resolution modify tool for Intel graphic chipset
193 usage: $MODE,$XRESO,$YRESO
194 grml blacklist=modulename[,module2] Completely disable loading of specified module(s) via
195 blacklisting through udev's /etc/modprobe.d/grml
196 grml fwtimeout=50 Set firmware timeout via /sys/class/firmware/timeout to specified value
197 grml nosound Mute sound devices (notice: this does not deactivate loading of sound drivers!)
198 grml vol=number Set mixer volumes to level $number
199 grml micvol=number Set mixer volume of microphone to level $number (default: 0)
200 grml pnpbios=off No PnP Bios initialization
201 grml acpi=off Disable ACPI Bios completely
202 grml nousb2 Disable initialization of USB 2.x controller(s)
203 grml nousb Disable initialization of USB in booting sequence
204 grml nofirewire Disable initialization of firewire devices in booting sequence
205 grml pci=irqmask=0x0e98 Try this, if PS/2 mouse doesn't work *)
206 grml pci=bios Workaround for bad PCI controllers
207 grml ide2=0x180 nopcmcia Boot from PCMCIA-CD-ROM (some notebooks)
208 grml mem=128M Specify Memory size in MByte
209 grml libata.force=[ID:]VAL Force configurations for libata.
210 Usage example: grml libata.force=1:pio4
211 to force pio4 mode on device "ata1:00:"
212 grml libata.dma=0 Disable DMA on PATA and SATA devices
213 grml libata.ignore_hpa=1 Disable host protected area (which should enable the whole disk)
214 grml vga=normal [video=ofonly] No-framebuffer mode (does not influence X)
215 grml vga=ask [video=ofonly] Display menu for framebuffer mode
217 Installation related settings:
218 ------------------------------
220 Caution: do *not* use the grml2hd and/or debian2hd bootoption if you do not know what you are doing!
222 Install plain Debian via debian2hd bootoption (which runs grml-debootstrap in non-interactive mode):
224 debian2hd <options> ... whereas valid options for debian2hd are:
226 target= target partition/directory of the new Debian system, e.g.: target=/dev/hda1
227 grub= where to install grub to? Use grub syntax for specifying, e.g.: grub=hd0
228 groot= specify root device for usage in grub (use grub syntax), e.g.: groot=hd0,0
229 release= specify release of new Debian system (default is stable), e.g.: release=sid
230 mirror= specify mirror for apt-get/aptitude, e,g.: mirror=ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian
231 password= set passwort of user root without prompting for it, e.g.: password=AiTh5ahn
233 Usage example for automatic installation:
235 debian2hd target=/dev/hda1 grub=hd0 groot=hd0,0 mirror=ftp://ftp.tugraz.at/mirror/debian password=foobar
237 See http://grml.org/grml-debootstrap/ for more information.
239 Install grml via grml2hd bootoption (which runs grml2hd in non-interactive mode):
241 grml2hd <options> ... whereas valid options for grml2hd are:
243 user= user name for user which should be used at hd-install
244 filesystem={ext2|ext3|reiserfs|reiser4|jfs|xfs} filesystem to be used
245 mbr=/dev/... partition where MBR should be installed (default:=partition)
246 partition=/dev/... partition where grml should be installed
248 Usage example for booting:
249 grml2hd partition=/dev/hda4 mbr=/dev/hda filesystem=ext3 user=mika
251 Passwords of user root and user are "grml" - please adjust after hd-install!
253 See http://grml.org/grml2hd/ for more information.
258 *) If your Grml-CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent
259 errors like "squashfs: read error", or programs are crashing randomly,
260 then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, your CD-burner
261 created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media or your
262 CD-ROM drive is broken. This is the most common error reported. Please
263 boot with "grml testcd" to check if the CD is OK, and/or even better,
264 verify the MD5 checksums that are present on the mirrors before writing
265 the CD. Check your CD low-level via running 'readcd -c2scan
266 dev=/dev/cdrom'. In some cases, defective IDE controllers cause this
267 error if you have DMA enabled. Also, please read the grml-FAQ.
269 *) In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of
270 the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in
271 grml noagp noapm noapic acpi=off nodma
272 to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system.
274 *) Some boards (especially those with E-ISA slots) apparently don't pass
275 the proper memory size to the linux-kernel. It may cause the message
276 "Panic: cannot mount root file system" and the system hangs. Use "grml
277 mem=128M" to solve that problem if your system has 128MByte memory for
278 example (caution: you MUST use a capital "M" here).
280 *) The "myconfig=/dev/partition" option allows you to reconfigure the
281 system after autoconfiguration by running a bourne shell script called
282 "grml.sh" and/or extracting configuration files from a file named
283 config.tbz from the root directory on the given device (or floppy).
284 Take a look at http://grml.org/config/ for more information regarding
285 the configuration framework of grml.
287 *) If you wish to remaster the CD, please don't forget to specify
289 -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
290 -b boot/isolinux/isolinux.bin -c boot/isolinux/boot.cat
292 as option to mkisofs. Otherwise your CD won't be bootable. The
293 directory live, containing the squashfs compressed filesystem file,
294 must be located in the top level directory of the CD.
296 *) Caution: screensavers: Don't start vlock or any other screensaver
297 that requires a password manually. There are no default passwords on
298 the live system - all accounts are LOCKED by default for security reasons.
299 Instead just invoke the script grml-lock which prompts for setting a