6 zsh-lovers - tips, tricks and examples for the Z shell
14 Whenever we look at the zsh manual we wonder why there are no examples or those
15 simply things in (shell) life. The zsh contains many features, but there was no
16 manpage with some examples (like procmailex(5)). That's why we wrote this
19 Most of the tricks and oneliner come from the mailinglists zsh-users,
20 zsh-workers, google, newsgroups and from ourself. See section *LINKS* for
23 Note: This manpage (zsh-lovers(1)) is *not* an offical part of the Z shell! It's
24 just a just for fun - manpage ;) +
25 For comments, bugreports and feedback take a quick look at the section *BUGS*.
29 This section provides some examples for often needed shellscript-stuff. Notice
30 that you should not use otherwise most examples won't work. +
31 Parse options in shellscripts. Example taken from ZWS by Adam Chodorowski
32 (http://www.chodorowski.com/projects/zws/[]):
33 ----------------------------------------------
40 zparseopts -K -- p:=o_port r:=o_root l:=o_log h=o_help
41 if [[ $? != 0 || "$o_help" != "" ]]; then
42 echo Usage: $(basename "$0") "[-p PORT] [-r DIRECTORY]"
50 if [[ $root[1] != '/' ]]; then root="$PWD/$root"; fi
52 # now use the function:
54 ----------------------------------------------
58 Available subsections are *Aliases*, *Completion*, *Unsorted/Misc examples*,
59 *(Recursive) Globbing - Examples*, *Modifiers usage*, *Redirection-Examples*,
60 *ZMV-Examples* and *Module-Examples*.
64 Suffix aliases are supported in zsh since version 4.2.0. Some examples:
70 Now pressing return-key after entering 'foobar.tex' starts vim with
71 foobar.tex. Calling a html-file runs browser w3m. 'www.zsh.org' and pressing
72 enter starts w3m with argument www.zsh.org. +
73 Global aliases can be used anywhere in the command line. Example:
74 ----------------------
75 $ alias -g C='| wc -l'
76 $ grep alias ~/.zsh/* C
78 ----------------------
79 Some more or less useful global aliases (choose whether they are useful or not
82 --------------------------------------------------------
84 alias -g ....='../../..'
85 alias -g .....='../../../..'
86 alias -g CA="2>&1 | cat -A"
88 alias -g D="DISPLAY=:0.0"
90 alias -g ED="export DISPLAY=:0.0"
91 alias -g EG='|& egrep'
94 alias -g ELS='|& less -S'
95 alias -g ETL='|& tail -20'
100 alias -g HL='|& head -20'
101 alias -g Sk="*~(*.bz2|*.gz|*.tgz|*.zip|*.z)"
102 alias -g LL="2>&1 | less"
104 alias -g LS='| less -S'
107 alias -g NE="2> /dev/null"
108 alias -g NS='| sort -n'
109 alias -g NUL="> /dev/null 2>&1"
111 alias -g R=' > /c/aaa/tee.txt '
112 alias -g RNS='| sort -nr'
114 alias -g TL='| tail -20'
116 alias -g US='| sort -u'
117 alias -g VM=/var/log/messages
118 alias -g X0G='| xargs -0 egrep'
119 alias -g X0='| xargs -0'
120 alias -g XG='| xargs egrep'
122 --------------------------------------------------------
126 See also man 1 zshcompctl zshcompsys zshcompwid. zshcompctl is the old
127 style of zsh programmable completion, zshcompsys is the new completion
128 system, zshcompwid are the zsh completion widgets.
130 Some functions, like _apt and _dpkg, are very slow. You can use a cache
131 in order to proxy the list of results (like the list of available
132 debian packages) Use a cache:
133 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
134 zstyle ':completion:*' use-cache on
135 zstyle ':completion:*' cache-path ~/.zsh/cache
136 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
138 Prevent CVS files/directories from being completed:
139 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
140 zstyle ':completion:*:(all-|)files' ignored-patterns '(|*/)CVS'
141 zstyle ':completion:*:cd:*' ignored-patterns '(*/)#CVS'
142 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
144 Fuzzy matching of completions for when you mistype them:
145 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
146 zstyle ':completion:*' completer _complete _match _approximate
147 zstyle ':completion:*:match:*' original only
148 zstyle ':completion:*:approximate:*' max-errors 1 numeric
149 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
151 And if you want the number of errors allowed by _approximate to
152 increase with the length of what you have typed so far:
153 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
154 zstyle -e ':completion:*:approximate:*' \
155 max-errors 'reply=($((($#PREFIX+$#SUFFIX)/3))numeric)'
156 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
158 Ignore completion functions for commands you don't have:
159 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
160 zstyle ':completion:*:functions' ignored-patterns '_*'
161 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
163 With helper functions like:
164 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
165 xdvi() { command xdvi ${*:-*.dvi(om[1])} }
166 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
168 you can avoid having to complete at all in many cases, but if you do,
169 you might want to fall into menu selection immediately and to have the
170 words sorted by time:
171 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
172 zstyle ':completion:*:*:xdvi:*' menu yes select
173 zstyle ':completion:*:*:xdvi:*' file-sort time
174 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
176 Completing process IDs with menu selection:
177 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
178 zstyle ':completion:*:*:kill:*' menu yes select
179 zstyle ':completion:*:kill:*' force-list always
180 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
182 If you end up using a directory as argument, this will remove the
183 trailing slash (usefull in ln)
184 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
185 zstyle ':completion:*' squeeze-slashes true
186 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
188 cd will never select the parent directory (e.g.: cd ../<TAB>):
189 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
190 zstyle ':completion:*:cd:*' ignore-parents parent pwd
191 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
193 Another method for 'quick change directories'. Add this to your ~/.zshrc, then just enter
195 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
197 if [[ $LBUFFER = *.. ]]; then
203 zle -N rationalise-dot
204 bindkey . rationalise-dot
205 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
207 UNSORTED/MISC examples
208 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
209 Hint: A list of valid glob Qualifiers can be found in zshexpn(1).
210 See ``man 1 zshexpn | less -p'' Qualifiers for details.
212 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
213 # cat first line in all files in this dir
214 $ for file (*(ND-.)) IFS= read -re < $file
216 # test if a parameter is numeric
217 $ if [[ $1 == <-> ]] ; then
223 # Show me all the .c files for which there doesn't exist a .o file.
224 $ print *.c(e_'[[ ! -e $REPLY:r.o ]]'_)
226 # All files in /var/ that are not owned by root
227 $ ls -ld /var/*(^u:root)
229 # All files for which the owner hat read and execute permissions
232 # The same, but also others dont have execute permissions
233 $ echo *(f:u+rx,o-x:)
235 # brace expansion - example
238 $ print -r -- $^X.$^Y
239 A.+ A.- B.+ B.- C.+ C.-
241 # Fetch the newest file containing the string 'fgractg*.log' in the
242 # filename and contains the string 'ORA-' in it
243 $ file=(fgractg*.log(Nm0om[1]))
244 $ (($#file)) && grep -l ORA- $file
246 $ files=$( find . -name . -o -prune -name 'fgractg*>log' -mtime 0 -print )
247 > if [ -n "$files" ]; then
251 > file=$(ls -td $files | head -1)
252 > grep -l ORA- "$file"
255 # keep specified number of child processes running until entire task finished
256 $ zsh -c 'sleep 1 & sleep 3 & sleep 2& print -rl -- $jobtexts'
258 # Remove zero length and .bak files in a directory
259 $ rm -i *(.L0) *.bak(.)
261 # print out files that dont have extensions
262 $ printf '%s\n' ^?*.*
263 $ printf '%s\n' ^?*.[^.]*(D)
266 # Finding files which does not contain a specific string
267 $ print -rl file* | comm -2 -3 - <(grep -l string file*)'
268 $ for f (file*(N)) grep -q string $f || print -r $f'
270 # Show/Check whether a option is set or not. It works both with $options as
272 $ echo $options[correct]
277 # Count the number of directories on the stack
278 $ print $((${${(z)${(f)"$(dirs -v)"}[-1]}[1]} + 1)) # or
279 $ dirs -v | awk '{n=$1}END{print n+1}'
281 # Matching all files which do not have a dot in filename
284 # Show only the ip-address from ``ifconfig device''
285 # ifconfig from net-tools (Linux)
286 $ print ${${$(LC_ALL=C /sbin/ifconfig eth0)[7]}:gs/addr://}
287 # ifconfig from 4.2BSD {Free,Net,Open}BSD
288 $ print ${$(/sbin/ifconfig tun0)[6]}
290 # Ping all the IP addresses in a couple of class C's or all hosts
292 $ for i in {1..254}; do ping -c 1 192.168.13.$i; done
295 $ while ( [[ $I -le 255 ]] ) ; do ping -1 2 150.150.150.$I; let I++; done
297 $ for i in $(sed 's/#.*//' > /etc/hosts | awk '{print $2}')
299 : echo "Trying $i ... "
301 : echo '============================='
304 # load all available modules at startup
307 $ for md ($module_path) m=($m $md/**/*(*e:'REPLY=${REPLY#$md/}'::r))
310 # Rename all files within a directory such that their names get a numeral
311 # prefix in the default sort order.
312 $ i=1; for j in *; do mv $j $i.$j; ((i++)); done
313 $ i=1; for f in *; do mv $f $(echo $i | \
314 awk '{ printf("%03d", $0)}').$f; ((i++)); done
315 $ integer i=0; for f in *; do mv $f $[i+=1].$f; done
317 # Find (and print) all symbolic links without a target within the current
319 $ $ file **/*(D@) | fgrep broken
320 $ for i in **/*(D@); [[ -f $i || -d $i ]] || echo $i
321 $ echo **/*(@-^./=%p)
324 # List all plain files that do not have extensions listed in `fignore'
325 $ ls **/*~*(${~${(j/|/)fignore}})(.)
326 # see above, but now omit executables
327 $ ls **/*~*(${~${(j/|/)fignore}})(.^*)
329 # Print out files that dont have extensions (require *setopt extendedglob*
330 # and *setopt dotglob*)
331 $ printf '%s\n' ^?*.*
333 # List files in reverse order sorted by name
336 $ print -rl -- *(^on)
338 # Synonymic to ``ps ax | awk '{print $1}'''
339 $ print -l /proc/*/cwd(:h:t:s/self//)
341 # Get the PID of a process (without ``ps'', ``sed'', ``pgrep'', ..
345 > for i in /proc/<->/stat
347 > [[ "$(< $i)" = *\((${(j:|:)~@})\)* ]] && echo $i:h:t
351 # for X in 'n' 'o' 'p' 'q' 'r' 's' 't' 'u' 'v' 'w' 'x' 'y'; do ...
352 $ for (( i = 36#n; i <= 36#y; i++ )); do
353 > print ${$(([##36]i)):l}
355 # or in combination with ``dc''
356 $ print {$((##n))..$((##y))}P\ 10P | dc
358 $ eval print '${$(([##36]'{$((36#n))..$((36#y))}')):l}'
360 # foreach in one line of shell
361 $ for f (*) print -r -- $f
363 # copy a directory recursively without data/files
368 $ find . -type d -exec env d="$dest_root" \
369 sh -c ' exec mkdir -p -- "$d/$1"' '{}' '{}' \;
371 # If `foo=23'', then print with 10 digit with leading '0'.
373 $ print ${(r:10::0:)foo}
375 # find the name of all the files in their home directory that have
376 # more than 20 characters in their file names
377 print -rl $HOME/${(l:20::?:)~:-}*
380 $ print -r -- ${(qq)m} > $nameoffile # save it
381 $ eval "m=($(cat -- $nameoffile)" # or use
382 $ m=("${(@Q)${(z)"$(cat -- $nameoffile)"}}") # to restore it
384 # get a "ls -l" on all the files in the tree that are younger than a
385 # specified age (e.g "ls -l" all the files in the tree that where
386 # modified in the last 2 days)
388 # This will give you a listing 1 file perl line (not à la ls -R).
389 # Think of an easy way to have a "ls -R" style output with
390 # only files newer than 2 day old.
391 $ for d (. ./**/*(/)) {
392 > print -r -- $'\n'${d}:
395 > (($#l)) && ls -ltd -- $l
399 # If you also want directories to be included even if their mtime
400 # is more than 2 days old:
401 $ for d (. ./**/*(/)) {
402 > print -r -- $'\n'${d}:
405 > (($#l)) && ls -ltd -- $l
409 # And if you want only the directories with mtime < 2 days to be listed:
410 $ for d (. ./**/*(N/m-2)) {
411 > print -r -- $'\n'${d}:
414 > (($#l)) && ls -ltd -- $l
422 $ echo ${(l:$COLUMNS::-:)}
423 # and now with colors (require autoload colors ;colors)
424 $ echo "$bg[red]$fg[black]${(l:42::-:)}"
426 # Redirect STDERR to a command like xless without redirecting STDOUT as well.
428 # but this executes the command asynchronously. To do it synchronously:
429 $ { { foo 1>&3 } 2>&1 | xless } 3>&1
431 # Rename all MP3-Files from name with spaces.mp3 to Name With Spaces.mp3
433 > mv $i ${${(C)i}:s/Mp3/mp3/}
436 # Match file names containing only digits and ending with .xml (require
441 # Remove all "non txt" files
444 # Move 200 files from a directory into another
445 $ mv -- *([1,200]) /another/Dir
447 # Convert images (foo.gif => foo.png):
448 $ for i in **/*.gif; convert $i $i:r.png
450 # convert a collection of mp3 files to wave or cdr,
451 # e.g. file.wav -> file.mp3)
452 $ for i (./*.mp3){mpg321 --w - $i > ${i:r}.wav}
454 # Download with LaTeX2HTML created Files (for example the ZSH-Guide):
455 $ for f in http://zsh.sunsite.dk/Guide/zshguide{,{01..08}}.html; do
456 > lynx -source $f >${f:t}
459 # Move all files in dir1 and dir2 that have line counts greater than 10 to
460 # another directory say "/more10"
461 $ mv dir[12]/**/*.cr(-.e{'((`wc -l < $REPLY` > 10))'}) /more10
463 # Make with dpkg a master-list of everyfile that it has installed
464 $ diff <(find / | sort) <(cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/*.list | sort)
466 # Replace this fucking Escape-Sequences:
467 $ autoload colors ; colors
468 $ print "$bg[cyan]$fg[blue]You are a idiot" >> /dev/pts/3
470 # Get ASCII value of a character
471 $ char=N ; print $((#char))
473 # Filename "Erweiterung"
474 # Note: The (N) says to use the nullglob option for this particular
476 $ for i in *.o(N); do
480 # Rename files; i. e. FOO to foo and bar to BAR
481 $ for i in *(.); mv $i ${i:l} # `FOO' to `foo'
482 $ for i in *(.); mv $i ${i:u} # `bar to `BAR'
484 # Show all suid-files in $PATH
485 $ ls -latg ${(s.:.)PATH} | grep '^...s'
487 $ print -l ${^path}/*(Ns,S)
488 # or show only executables with a user given pattern
489 $ print -l ${^path}/*vim*(*N)
491 # gzip files when containing a certain string
492 $ gzip ${(ps:\0:)"$(grep -lZ foobar ./*.txt(.))"}
494 # A small one-liner, that reads from stdin and prints to stdout the first
495 # unique line i. e. does not print lines that have been printed before
496 # (this is similar to the unique command, but unique can only handle
498 $ IFS=$'\n\n'; print -rl -- ${(Oau)${(Oa)$(cat file;echo .)[1,-2]}}
500 # Lists every executable in PATH
501 $ print -l ${^path}/*(-*N)
503 # Match all .c files in all subdirectories, _except_ any SCCS subdirectories?
504 $ ls **/*.c~(*/)#SCCS/*
506 # List all `README' - files case-insensitive with max. one typo
507 $ ls **/*(#ia2)readme
509 # case insensitive checking for variables
510 $ if [[ $OSTYPE == (#i)LINUX*(#I) ]]; then
511 > echo "Penguin on board."
513 > echo "Not a Linux."
515 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
517 (Recursive) Globbing - Examples
518 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
519 A list of valid glob Qualifiers can be found in zshexpn(1). *Note:*
520 \*\*/ is equivalent to (*/)#! For example:
521 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
522 $ print (*/)#zsh_us.ps
523 zsh-4.2.3/Doc/zsh_us.ps
525 zsh-4.2.3/Doc/zsh_us.ps
526 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
528 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
529 # Search for `README' in all Subdirectories
532 # find directories that contain both "index.php" and "index.html", or in
533 # general, directories that contain more than one file matching "index.*"
534 $ ls **/*(D/e:'[[ -e $REPLY/index.php && -e $REPLY/index.html ]]':)
536 $ ls **/*(D/e:'l=($REPLY/index.*(N)); (( $#l >= 2 ))':)
538 # Find command to search for directory name instead of basename
539 $ print -rl /**/*~^*/path(|/*)
541 $ find / | grep -e /path/ -e '/path$'
543 # Print he path of the directories holding the ten biggest C regular files
544 # in the current directory and subdirectories.
545 $ print -rl -- **/*.c(D.OL[1,10]:h) | sort -u
547 # Find files with size == 0 and send a mail
548 $ files=(**/*(ND.L0m+0m-2))
549 > (( $#files > 0 )) && print -rl -- $files | \
550 mailx -s "empty files" foo@bar.tdl
553 $ chmod 700 **/(.) # Only files
554 $ chmod 700 **/(/) # Only directories
556 # print out all of the files in that directory in 2 columns
557 $ print -rC2 -- ${1:[...]}/*(D:t)
558 # ^- number ob columns
559 # or - if you feel concerned about special characters - use
560 $ list=(${1:[...]}/*(ND:t))
561 $ (($#list)) && print -rC2 -- ${(V)list}
563 # Search all files in /home/*/*-mail/ with a setting ``chmod -s'' flag
564 # (recursive, include dotfiles) remove the setgid/setuid flag and print
566 $ chmod -s /home/*/*-mail(DNs,S) /home/*/*-mail/**/*(DNs,S))
567 # or with a small script
568 $ for file (/home/*/*-mail(DNs,S) /home/*/*-mail/**/*(DNs,S)) {
570 > chmod -s $file && print -r fixed $file
572 # or use ``zargs'' (require autoload zargs) prevent the arg list too
574 $ zargs /home/*/*-mail(DNs,S) /home/*/*-mail/**/*(DNs,S)) -- chmod -s
576 # List files beginning at `foo23' upwards (foo23, foo24, foo25, ..)
579 # get all files that begin with the date strings from June 4 through
581 $ ls -l 200406{04..10}*(N)
582 # or if they are of the form 200406XX (require ``setopt extended_glob''
583 $ ls -l 200306<4-10>.*
585 # remove spaces from filenames
586 $ for a in ./**/*\ *(Dod); do mv $a ${a:h}/${a:t:gs/ /_}; done
588 # Show only all *.c and *.h - Files
591 # Show only all *.c - files and ignore `foo.c'
594 # show data to *really* binary format
595 $ zsh -ec 'while {} {printf %.8x $n;repeat 8 \
596 > {read -ku0 a printf \ %.8d $(([##2]#a))};print;((n+=8))}' < binary
598 # Show only world-readable files
601 # List files in the current directory are not writable by the owner
602 $ print -l ~/*(ND.^w)
604 # find and delete the files which are older than a given parameter
605 # (seconds/minutes/hours)
606 # deletes all regular file in /Dir that are older than 3 hours
607 $ rm -f /Dir/**/*(.mh+3)
608 # deletes all symlinks in /Dir that are older than 3 minutes
609 $ rm -f /Dir/**/*(@mm+3)
610 # deletes all non dirs in /Dir that are older than 30 seconds
611 $ rm -f /Dir/**/*(ms+30^/)
612 # deletes all folders, sub-folders and files older than one hour
613 $ rm ./**/*(.Dmh+1,.DL0)
614 # deletes all files more than 6 hours old
616 # removes all files but the ten newer ones (delete all but last 10
617 # files in a directory)
619 Note: If you get a arg list too long, you use the builtin rm. For
621 $ zmodload zsh/files ; rm -f **/*(mh+6)
622 or use the zargs function:
623 $ autoload zargs ; zargs **/*(mh+6) -- rm -f
625 # A User's Guide to the Z-Shell /5.9: Filename Generation and Pattern
626 # Matching find all files in all subdirectories, searching recursively,
627 # which have a given name, case insensitive, are at least 50 KB large,
628 # no more than a week old and owned by the root user, and allowing up
629 # to a single error in the spelling of the name. In fact, the required
630 # expression looks like this:
631 $ ls **/(#ia1)name(LK+50mw-1u0)
633 # Change the UID from 102 to 666
634 $ chown 666 **/*(u102)
636 # List all files which have not been updated since last 10 hours
637 $ print -rl -- *(Dmh+10^/)
639 # delete only the oldest file in a directory
640 $ rm ./*filename*(Om[1])
642 # Sort the output from `ls -l' by file size
645 # find most recent file in a directory
646 $ setopt dotglob ; print directory/**/*(om[1])
648 # Show only empty files which nor `group' or `world writable'
651 # find - and list - the ten newest files in directories and subdirs
653 $ print -rl -- **/*(Dom[1,10])
655 # Print only 5 lines by "ls" command (like ``ls -laS | head -n 5'')
658 # display the 5-10 last modified files
659 $ print -rl -- /path/to/dir/**/*(D.om[5,10])
661 # find all files without a valid owner
662 $ chmod someuser /**/*(D^u:${(j.:u:.)${(f)"$(</etc/passwd)"}%%:*}:)
664 # find all the empty directories in a tree
665 $ for f in ***/*(/l2); do foo=($f/*(N)); [[ -z $foo ]] && print $f; done
666 # Note:Since Zsh 4.2.1 the glob qualifier F indicates a non-empty directory.
667 # Hence *(F) indicates all subdirectories with entries, *(/^F) means all
668 # subdirectories with no entries.
671 # remove empty directories afterwards
672 $ rmdir ./**/*(/od) 2> /dev/null
674 # Show only files are owned from group `users'
677 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
681 Modifiers are a powerful mechanism that let you modify the results
682 returned by parameter, filename and history expansion. See zshexpn(1)
684 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
685 <<<<<<< /home/dope/download/Source/HG-Repos/zsh-lovers/zsh-lovers.1.txt.orig.432616858
686 # NOTE: Zsh 4.3.4 needed!
688 # files modified today
689 $ print *(e:age today now:)
690 # files modified since 5 pm
691 $ print *(e-age 17:00 now-)
692 # ... since 5 o'clock yesterda
693 $ print *(e-age yesterday,17:00 now-)
694 # ... from last Christmas before today
695 $ print *(e-age 2006/12/25 today-)
696 # ... before yesterday
697 $ print *(e-age 1970/01/01 yesterday-)
698 # all files modified between the start of those dates
699 $ print *(e:age 2006/10/04 2006/10/09:)
700 # all files modified on that date
701 $ print *(e:age 2006/10/04:)
703 $ print *(e-age 2006/10/04:10:15 2006/10/04:10:45-)
705 # Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving the head. This works like
706 ||||||| /tmp/zsh-lovers.1.txt~base.AvW_ZW
707 # Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving the head. This works like
709 # Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving the head. This works like
710 >>>>>>> /tmp/zsh-lovers.1.txt~other.vDaddL
715 # Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. This works
720 # Remove the suffix from each file (*.sh in this example)
721 $f:e is $f file extension
722 :h --> head (dirname)
723 :t --> tail (basename)
724 :r --> rest (extension removed)
725 $ for f (*.sh) mv $f $f:r
727 # Remove a filename extension of the form `.xxx', leaving the root name.
733 # Remove all but the extension.
740 # Print the new command but do not execute it. Only works with history
747 # Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
754 # Convert the words to all lowercase.
761 # Convert the words to all uppercase.
768 # convert 1st char of a word to uppercase
769 $ foo="one two three four"
770 $ print -r -- "${(C)var}"
772 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
776 See zshmisc(1) for more informations (or less ${^fpath}/zmv(N))
778 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
779 # Append `exit 1' at the end of all *.sh - files
780 $ echo "exit 1" >> *.sh
782 # adding files to foobar.tar.gz
783 $ eval set =(gunzip < foobar.tar.gz) '
784 tar rf $1 additional.txt &&gzip < $1 > foobar.tar.gz'
786 # Redirect output to a file AND display on screen
787 $ foobar >&1 > file1 > file2 > ..
789 # pipe single output to multiple inputs
790 $ zcat foobar.Z >> (gzip -9 > file1.gz) \
791 >> (bzip2 -9 > file1.bz2) \
792 >> (acb --best > file1.acb)
794 # Append /etc/services at the end of file `foo' and `bar'
795 $ cat /etc/services >> foo >> bar
798 $ echo An error >&2 2>&1 | sed -e 's/A/I/'
800 # send standard output of one process to standard input of several processes
803 $ process1 > >(process1) > >(process2)
805 # initializing a variable and simultaneously keeping terminal output
807 $ { a=$(command >&1 >& 3 3 > &- 2>&1);} 3>&1
809 # redirect stderr two times
810 $ setopt multios ; program 2> file2 > file1 2>&1
812 # Duplicating stdout and stderr to a logfile
813 $ exec 3>&1 > logfile 2>&2 2>&1 >&3 3>&-
815 # redirect stderr (only) to a file and to orig. stderr:
816 $ command 2>&2 2>stderr
817 # redirect stderr and stdout to separate files and both to orig. stdout:
818 $ command 2>&1 1>&1 2>stderr 1>stdout
819 # redirect stderr and stdout to separate files and stdout to orig. stdout
820 # AND stderr to orig. stderr:
821 $ command 2>&2 1>&1 2>stderr 1>stdout
823 # More fun with STDERR ;)
824 $ ./my-script.sh 2> >(grep -v moron >error.log)|process-output >output.log
825 $ echo "Thats STDOUT" >>(sed 's/stdout/another example/' > foobar)
826 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
828 ZMV-Examples (require autoload zmv)
829 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
830 *Note:* '-n' means no execution (just print what would happen). At
831 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
832 # serially all files (foo.foo > 1.foo, fnord.foo > 2.foo, ..)
835 1.c asd.foo bla.foo fnord.foo foo.fnord foo.foo
836 $ c=1 zmv '*.foo' '$((c++)).foo'
838 1.c 1.foo 2.foo 3.foo 4.foo foo.fnord
840 # Rename "file.with.many.dots.txt" by substituting dots (exept for the last
842 $ touch {1..20}-file.with.many.dots.txt
843 $ zmv '(*.*)(.*)' '${1//./ }$2'
845 # Remove the first 4 chars from a filename
846 $ zmv -n '*' '$f[5,-1]' # NOTE: The "5" is NOT a mistake in writing!
848 # Rename names of all files under the current Dir to lower case, but keep
850 $ zmv -Qv '(**/)(*)(.D)' '$1${(L)2}'
852 # replace all 4th character, which is "1", with "2" and so on
854 $ zmv '(???)1(???[1-4].txt)' '${1}2${2}'
856 # Remove the first 15 characters from a string
857 $ touch 111111111111111{a-z}
859 $ zmv '*' '$f[16,-1]'
861 # Replace spaces (any number of them) with a single dash in file names
863 $ zmv -n '(**/)(* *)' '$1${2//( #-## #| ##)/-}'
865 $ find . -depth -name '* *' -exec bash -c '
870 > newname=${name//*([ -]) *([ -])/-}
871 > mv -i -- "$file" "$Dir/$newname"' {} {} \;
873 # Clean up file names and remove special characters
875 $ zmv -n '(**/)(*)' '$1${2//[^A-Za-z0-9._]/_}'
877 # Add *.py to a bunch of python scripts in a directory (some of them end
878 # in *.py and give them all a proper extension
880 $ zmv -n '(**/)(con*)(#qe,file $REPLY | grep "python script",)' '$1$2.py'
882 # lowercase all extensions (i. e. *.JPG) incl. subfolders
884 $ zmv '(**/)(*).(#i)jpg' '$1$2.jpg'
886 $ find Dir -name '*.[jJ][pP][gG]' -print | while read f
890 > *) mv "$f" "${f%.*}.jpg" ;
894 # remove leading zeros from file extension
897 filename.001 filename.003 filename.005 filename.007 filename.009
898 filename.002 filename.004 filename.006 filename.008 filename.010
899 $ zmv '(filename.)0##(?*)' '$1$2'
901 filename.1 filename.10 filename.2 filename.3 filename.4 filename.5 ..
906 foo_10.jpg foo_2.jpg foo_3.jpg foo_4.jpg foo_5.jpg foo_6.jpg ..
907 $ zmv -fQ 'foo_(<0->).jpg(.nOn)' 'foo_$(($1 + 1)).jpg'
909 foo_10.jpg foo_11.jpg foo_3.jpg foo_4.jpg foo_5.jpg ...
911 # adding leading zeros to a filename (1.jpg -> 001.jpg, ..
913 $ zmv '(<1->).jpg' '${(l:3::0:)1}.jpg'
915 # See above, but now only files with a filename >= 30 chars
917 $ c=1 zmv "${(l:30-4::?:)}*.foo" '$((c++)).foo'
919 # Replace spaces in filenames with a underline
921 $ zmv '* *' '$f:gs/ /_'
923 # Change the suffix from *.sh to *.pl
925 $ zmv -W '*.sh' '*.pl'
927 # Add a "".txt" extension to all the files within ${HOME}
928 # ``-.'' is to only rename regular files or symlinks to regular files,
929 # ``D'' is to also rename hidden files (dotfiles))
931 $ zmv -Q '/home/**/*(D-.)' '$f.txt'
932 # Or to only rename files that don't have an extension:
933 $ zmv -Q '/home/**/^?*.*(D-.)' '$f.txt'
935 # Recursively change filenames with characters ? [ ] / = + < > ; : " , - *
937 $ chars='[][?=+<>;",*-]'
938 $ zmv '(**/)(*)' '$1${2//$~chars/%}'
940 # Removing single quote from filenames (recursively)
942 $ zmv -Q "(**/)(*'*)(D)" "\$1\${2//'/}"
944 # When a new file arrives (named file.txt) rename all files in order to
945 # get (e. g. file119.txt becomes file120.txt, file118.txt becomes
946 # file119.txt and so on ending with file.txt becoming file1.txt
948 $ zmv -fQ 'file([0-9]##).txt(On)' 'file$(($1 + 1)).txt'
950 # lowercase/uppercase all files/directories
952 $ zmv '(*)' '${(L)1}' # lowercase
953 $ zmv '(*)' '${(U)1}' # uppercase
955 # Remove the suffix *.c from all C-Files
959 # Uppercase only the first letter of all *.mp3 - files
961 $ zmv '([a-z])(*).mp3' '${(C)1}$2.mp3'
963 # Copy the target `README' in same directory as each `Makefile'
965 $ zmv -C '(**/)Makefile' '${1}README'
967 # Removing single quote from filenames (recursively)
969 $ zmv -Q "(**/)(*'*)(D)" "\$1\${2//'/}"
971 # Rename pic1.jpg, pic2.jpg, .. to pic0001.jpg, pic0002.jpg, ..
973 $ zmv 'pic(*).jpg' 'pic${(l:4::0:)1}.jpg'
974 $ zmv '(**/)pic(*).jpg' '$1/pic${(l:4::0:)2}.jpg' # recursively
975 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
979 Please read zshmodules(1) first!
981 zsh/pcre (require zmodload zsh/pcre)
982 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
984 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
985 # Copy files of a certain period (date indicated in the filenames)
987 $ ls -d -- *(e:'[[ $REPLY -pcre-match pcre-regexp ]]':)
989 $ m() { [[ $1 -pcre-match pcre-regexp ]] }
991 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
993 zsh/clone (require zmodload zsh/clone)
994 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
996 # Creates a forked instance of the current shell ($! is set to zero) and
997 # execute ``command'' on /dev/tty8 (for this example).
999 $ clone /dev/tty8 && (($! == 0)) && exec command
1000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1002 zsh/datetime (require zmodload zsh/datetime)
1003 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1004 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1005 $ zmodload zsh/datetime
1006 $ alias datereplacement='strftime "%Y-%m-%d" $EPOCHSECONDS'
1007 $ export DATE=`datereplacement`
1010 # strip date from filename
1011 $ $ zmodload zsh/datetime
1012 $ setopt extendedglob
1013 $ touch aaa_bbb_20041212_c.dat eee_fff_20051019_g.dat
1014 $ strftime -s pattern \
1015 '???_???_<0-%Y%m%d>_?.dat' $((EPOCHSECONDS - 365 * 24 * 60 * 60 / 2))
1016 $ print -rl -- $~pattern
1017 aaa_bbb_20041212_c.dat
1018 $ print -rl -- $pattern
1019 ???_???_<0-20050815>_?.dat
1021 # Search files size == 0, to be based on the file name containing a date
1022 # rather than the "last modified" date of the file
1023 $ zmodload -i zsh/datetime
1024 $ strftime -s file "abc_de_%m%d%Y.dat" $((EPOCHSECONDS - 24 * 60 * 60 ))
1025 $ files=(**/$file(N.L0))
1026 $ (( $#files > 0 )) && print -rl -- $files | \
1027 mailx -s "empty files" foo@bar.tdl
1028 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1030 zsh/stat (require zmodload zsh/stat)
1031 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1032 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1033 # test if a symbolic link links to a certain file
1034 $ zmodload -i zsh/stat
1035 $ ! stat -LH s foo.ln || [[ $s[link] != "foo.exe" ]] || ln -sf foo.exe foo.ln
1037 # comparing file dates
1041 $ touch bar & sleep 5 & touch foo
1042 $ echo $file1 is $(($(stat +mtime $file2) - \
1043 $(stat +mtime $file1))) seconds older than $file2.
1044 bar is 5 seconds older than foo
1046 # list the files of a disk smaller than some other file
1048 $ stat -A max +size some-other-file
1049 $ print -rl ./**/*(D.L-$max)
1051 # List the top 100 biggest files in a disk
1053 $ ls -fld ./**/*(d`stat +device .`OL[1,100])
1055 # Get only the user name and the file names from (like
1056 # ls -l * | awk '{print $3" " $8}')
1059 > stat -sA user +uid -- "$file" &&
1060 > print -r -- "$user" "$file"
1063 # get the difference between actual bytes of file and allocated bytes of file
1065 $ print $(($(stat +block -- file) * 512 - $(stat +size -- file)))
1068 # ``D'' : to include dot files (d lowercase is for device)
1069 # ``O'' : reverse Ordered (o lowercase for non-reverse order)
1070 # ``L'' : by file Length (l is for number of links)
1071 # ``[1]'': return only first one
1073 $ stat +size ./*(DOL[1])
1075 # file size in bytes
1077 $ stat -L +size ~/.zshrc
1080 # Delete files in a directory that hasn't been accessed in the last ten days
1081 # and send ONE mail to the owner of the files informing him/her of the files'
1083 $ zmodload zsh/stat zsh/files
1084 $ typeset -A f; f=()
1085 $ rm -f /path/**/*(.a+10e{'stat -sA u +uidr $REPLY; f[$u]="$f[$u]$REPLY"'})
1086 $ for user (${(k)f}) {print -rn $f[$user]|mailx -s "..." $user}
1088 # Get a "ls -l" on all the files in the tree that are younger than a
1091 $ for d (. ./**/*(N/m-2))
1092 > print -r -- $'\n'$d: && cd $d && {
1094 > stat -F '%b %d %H:%M' -LsAs -- $f &&
1095 > print -r -- $s[3] ${(l:4:)s[4]} ${(l:8:)s[5]} \
1096 > ${(l:8:)s[6]} ${(l:8:)s[8]} $s[10] $f ${s[14]:+-> $s[14]}
1100 # get file creation date
1102 $ stat -F '%d %m %Y' +mtime ~/.zshrc
1104 $ stat -F '%D' +mtime ~/.zshrc
1106 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1108 zsh/files (require zmodload zsh/files)
1109 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1110 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1111 # search a directory for files containing a certain string then copy those
1112 # files to another directory.
1113 $ zmodload zsh/files
1115 $ cp $(grep -lZr foobar .) otherdirectory
1116 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1118 zsh/mapfile (require zmodload zsh/mapfile)
1119 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1120 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1121 # grepping for two patterns
1122 $ zmodload zsh/mapfile
1124 $ pattern2="bar foo"
1125 $ print -l ./**/*(DN.e{'z=$mapfile[$REPLY] && [[ $z = *$pattern1* && \
1126 $z = *$pattern2* ]]'})
1127 # or a solution in combination with zsh/pcre
1128 $ zmodload -i zsh/mapfile zsh/pcre
1130 $ pattern2="bar foo"
1131 $ pcre_compile "(?s)(?=.*?$pattern1).*?$pattern2"
1133 $ print -l ./**/*(DN.e{'pcre_match $mapfile[$REPLY]'})
1135 # equivalent for ``less /etc/passwd | grep -v root''
1136 $ zmodload zsh/mapfile
1138 $ print -rl -- ${${=mapfile[/etc/passwd]}:#*root*}
1139 # or - for case insensitive
1140 $ setopt extendedglob
1141 $ print -rl -- ${${=mapfile[/etc/passwd]}:#*(#i)root*}
1143 # If a XML-file contains stuff like ``<TAGA/>'' and ``<TAGB/>'', number
1144 # this empty tags (ones ending in '/>') so if encountered in the same
1145 # order, the preceeding tags would become ``<TAGA/>1</TAGA>'' and
1146 # ``<TAGB/>2</TAGB>''
1147 $ zmodload zsh/mapfile
1149 $ apfile[data.xml.new]=${(S)mapfile[data.xml]//\
1150 > (#im)<TAGA>*<\/TAGA>/<TAGA>$((++cnt))<\/TAGA>}
1152 # removing all files in users Maildir/new that contain ``filename="gone.src''
1153 $ zmodload zsh/{files,mapfile}
1154 $ rm -f /u1/??/*/Maildir/new/100*(.e{'[[ $mapfile[$REPLY] == \
1155 *filename=\"gone.scr\"* ]]'})
1157 # Grep out the Title from a postscript file and append that value to the
1158 # end of the filename
1160 $ zmodload zsh/mapfile
1161 $ zmv '(*).ps' '$1-${${${mapfile[$f]##*%%Title: }%% *}//[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/}.ps'
1162 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1164 zsh/mathfunc (require zmodload zsh/mathfunc)
1165 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1166 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1167 $ zmodload zsh/mathfunc
1168 $ echo $(( sin(1/4.0)**2 + cos(1/4.0)**2 - 1 ))
1169 -1.1102230246251565e-16
1170 $ echo $(( pi = 4.0 * atan(1.0) ))
1172 $ echo $(( f = sin(0.3) ))
1174 $ print $((1e12 * rand48()))
1176 $ print $(( rand48(seed) ))
1178 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1180 zsh/termcap (require zmodload zsh/termcap)
1181 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1182 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1183 $ zmodload -ab zsh/termcap echotc
1184 $ GREEN=`echotc AF 2`
1185 $ YELLOW=`echotc AF 3`
1187 $ BRIGHTRED=`echotc md ; echotc AF 1`
1188 $ print -l ${GREEN}green ${YELLOW}yellow ${RED}red ${BRIGHTRED}brightred
1189 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1191 zsh/zpty (require zmodload zsh/zpty)
1192 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1193 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1197 # ``-r'': read the output of the command name.
1199 $ zpty -r PW z '*password:'
1200 # send the to command name the given strings as input
1202 $ zpty -r PW z '*password:'
1204 # The second form, with the -d option, is used to delete commands
1205 # previously started, by supplying a list of their names. If no names
1206 # are given, all commands are deleted. Deleting a command causes the HUP
1207 # signal to be sent to the corresponding process.
1209 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1211 zsh/net/socket (require zmodload zsh/net/socket)
1212 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1213 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1214 # ``-l'': open a socket listening on filename
1215 # ``-d'': argument will be taken as the target file descriptor for the
1217 # ``3'' : file descriptor. See ``A User's Guide to the Z-Shell''
1218 # (3.7.2: File descriptors)
1219 $ zmodload zsh/net/socket
1221 # ``-a'': accept an incoming connection to the socket
1223 $ zsocket -a -d 5 3 # accept a connection
1227 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1229 zsh/zftp (require zmodload zsh/zftp)
1230 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1231 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1232 $ autoload -U zfinit
1234 $ zfparams www.example.invalid myuserid mypassword
1237 $ zfls -l zshtips.html
1238 $ zfput zshtips.html
1239 $ zfls -l zshtips.html
1241 # Automatically transfer files using FTP with error checking
1242 $ autoload -U zfinit ; zfinit
1243 $ zftp open host.name.invalid user passwd || exit
1244 $ zftp get /remote/file > /local/file; r=$?
1245 $ zftp close && exit r
1247 # compress and ftp on the fly
1248 $ autoload -U zfinit ; zfinit
1249 $ zftp open host.name.invalid user password
1250 $ zftp get $file | bzip2 > ${file}.bz2
1254 $ autoload -U zfinit ; zfinit
1257 $ for file in `zfls` ; do
1262 # Upload all regular files in $HOME/foobar (recursive) that are newer than
1263 # two hours to ftp.foobar.invalid/path/to/upload
1264 $ autoload -U zfinit ; zfinit
1265 $ zfopen ftp.foobar.invalid/path/to/upload
1267 $ zfput -r **/*(.mh-2)
1270 # long list of files on a ftp
1271 $ autoload -U zfinit ; zfinit
1273 $ zfcd /some/remote/Dir
1274 $ cd /some/local/Dir
1275 # If the list.txt is located on the remote host, change to
1276 # zfget ${(f)"$(zftp get /path/to/remote/list.txt)"}
1277 $ zfget ${(f)"$(cat list.txt)"}
1279 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1281 zsh/zselect (require zmodload zsh/zselect)
1282 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
1283 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1287 | $ stty -icanon min 0 time 50
1290 | $ case "$yesno" in
1295 $ zmodload zsh/zselect
1296 $ if zselect -t 500 -r 0 && read yesno && [ yes = "$yesno" ]; then
1301 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1307 *auto_cd* (allow one to change to a directory by entering it as a
1308 command). *auto_pushd* (automatically append dirs to the push/pop list)
1309 pushd_ignore_dups (and don't duplicate them).
1313 *no_hup* (don't send HUP signal to background jobs when exiting ZSH).
1314 *print_exit_value* (show a message with the exit code when a command
1315 returns with a non-zero exit code)
1319 *hist_verify* (let the user edit the command line after history
1320 expansion (e.g. !ls) instead of immediately running it) +
1321 Use the same history file for all sessions : +
1322 *setopt SHARE_HISTORY*
1326 *no_clobber* (or set -C; prevent '>' redirection from truncating
1327 the given file if it already exists)
1331 *correct* (automatically correct the spelling of commands).
1332 *correct_all* (automatically correct the spelling of each word on the
1333 command line) *dvorak* (dvorak layout)
1337 Mailpath: simple multiple mailpath:
1338 -----------------------------------------------------
1339 mailpath=($HOME/Mail/mbox'?new mail in mbox'
1340 $HOME/Mail/tux.u-strasbg'?new mail in tux'
1341 $HOME/Mail/lilo'?new mail in lilo'
1342 $HOME/Mail/ldap-fr'?new mail in ldap-fr')
1343 -----------------------------------------------------
1345 Mailpath: dynamic mailpath:
1346 -----------------------------------------------------
1348 for i in ~/Mail/Lists/*(.); do
1349 mailpath[$#mailpath+1]="${i}?You have new mail in ${i:t}."
1351 -----------------------------------------------------
1352 Avoid globbing on special commands:
1353 --------------------------------------------------------
1354 for com in alias expr find mattrib mcopy mdir mdel which;
1355 alias $com="noglob $com"
1356 --------------------------------------------------------
1358 For migrating your bashprompt to zsh use the script bash2zshprompt located in
1359 the zsh source distribution under 'Misc'.
1361 For migration from (t)csh to zsh use the c2z tool that converts csh
1362 aliases and environment and shell variables to zsh. It does this by running
1363 csh, and having csh report on aliases and variables. The script then converts
1364 these to zsh startup files. It has some issues and usage information that are
1365 documented at the top of this script.
1367 Here are functions to set the title and hardstatus of an *XTerm* or of *GNU
1368 Screen* to 'zsh' and the current directory, respectively, when the prompt is
1369 displayed, and to the command name and rest of the command line, respectively,
1370 when a command is executed:
1371 ------------------------------------------------------------------
1373 if [[ $TERM == "screen" ]]; then
1374 # Use these two for GNU Screen:
1375 print -nR $' 33k'$1$' 33'\
1376 print -nR $' 33]0;'$2$''
1377 elif [[ $TERM == "xterm" || $TERM == "rxvt" ]]; then
1378 # Use this one instead for XTerms:
1379 print -nR $' 33]0;'$*$''
1382 function precmd { title zsh "$PWD" }
1385 local -a cmd; cmd=(${(z)1})
1386 title $cmd[1]:t "$cmd[2,-1]"
1388 ------------------------------------------------------------------
1390 Put the following line into your ~/.screenrc to see this fancy hardstatus:
1391 -----------------------------------------
1392 caption always "%3n %t%? (%u)%?%?: %h%?"
1393 -----------------------------------------
1396 Special variables which are assigned:
1397 ------------------------------------------------------
1398 $LINENO $RANDOM $SECONDS $COLUMNS $HISTCHARS $UID
1399 $EUID $GID $EGID $USERNAME $fignore $mailpath $cdpath
1400 ------------------------------------------------------
1405 *http://www.zsh.org/[]*
1407 *http://sourceforge.net/projects/zsh/[]*
1408 Z shell page at sunsite.dk::
1409 *http://zsh.sunsite.dk/[]*
1410 From Bash to Z Shell: Conquering the Command Line - the book::
1411 *http://www.bash2zsh.com/[]*
1412 Mailinglistarchive::
1413 *http://www.zsh.org/mla/[]*
1415 *http://www.zsh.org/FAQ/[]*
1417 *http://zsh.sunsite.dk/Guide/[]*
1419 *http://www.zshwiki.org/[]*
1420 Die Zsh als interaktive Shell::
1421 *http://cssun.rrze.uni-erlangen.de/~sipakale/zshreferat.html[]*
1422 A short introduction from BYU::
1423 *http://docs.cs.byu.edu/docs/zsh/index.php[]*
1425 *http://stchaz.free.fr/mouse.zsh[]*
1426 Shell Corner: Zsh Suite of "keeper" Functions::
1427 *http://www.unixreview.com/documents/s=9513/ur0501a/ur0501a.htm[]*
1428 The Z Shell (A Fan Page)::
1429 *http://www.princeton.edu/~kmccarty/zsh.html[]*
1430 Making the Transition to Zsh::
1431 *http://www.linux-mag.com/cgi-bin/printer.pl?issue=2002-05&article=power[]*
1432 Curtains up: introducing the Z shell::
1433 *http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-z.html?dwzone=linux[]*
1434 ZSH-Liebhaberseite::
1435 *http://michael-prokop.at/computer/tools_zsh_liebhaber.html[]*
1436 ZSH-Seite von Michael Prokop::
1437 *http://www.michael-prokop.at/computer/tools_zsh.html[]*
1438 A Case for the Z Shell on *http://www.daemonnews.org/[]*::
1439 *http://ezine.daemonnews.org/199910/zsh.html[]*
1440 ZSH-Section from Dotfiles.com::
1441 *http://www.dotfiles.com/index.php?app_id=4[]*
1442 Writing Zsh Completion Functions::
1443 *http://www.linux-mag.com/2002-07/power_01.html[]*
1444 ZSH Prompt introduction::
1445 *http://aperiodic.net/phil/prompt/[]*
1447 *http://www.adamspiers.org/computing/zsh/[]*
1448 Zzappers Best of ZSH Tips::
1449 *http://www.rayninfo.co.uk/tips/zshtips.html[]*
1450 Zsh Webpage by Christian Schneider::
1451 *http://strcat.de/wiki/zsh/[]*
1452 *http://strcat.de/wiki/zsh-german[]* (German translation. Help needed!)
1453 The zsh-lovers webpage::
1454 *http://grml.org/zsh/[]*
1456 *#zsh at irc.freenode.org*
1457 The Z shell reference-card (included in the zsh-lovers debian-package)::
1458 *http://www.bash2zsh.com/zsh_refcard/refcard.pdf[]*
1462 This manpage was written by Michael Prokop, Christian 'strcat'
1463 Schneider and Matthias Kopfermann. But many ideas have been taken from
1464 zsh-geeks e.g. from the zsh-mailinglists (zsh-users and zsh-workers),
1465 google, newsgroups and the zsh-Wiki. +
1466 Thanks for your cool and incredible tips. We learned much from you!
1468 In alphabetic order:
1469 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
1470 Andrew 'zefram' Main - http://www.fysh.org/~zefram/
1471 Barton E. Schaefer - http://www.well.com/user/barts/
1472 Matthias Kopfermann - http://www.infodrom.north.de/~matthi/
1473 Oliver Kiddle - http://people.freenet.de/opk/
1474 Paul Falstad - http://www.falstad.com/
1475 Peter Stephenson - http://homepage.ntlworld.com/p.w.stephenson/
1477 Stephane Chazelas - http://stephane.chazelas.free.fr/
1478 Sven Guckes - http://www.guckes.net/
1479 Sven Wischnowsky - http://w9y.de/zsh/zshrc
1480 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
1485 ------------------------------------------------------------------
1487 zshall Tthe Z shell meta-man page
1488 zshbuiltins Zsh built-in commands
1489 zshcalsys zsh calendar system
1490 zshcompctl zsh programmable completion
1491 zshcompsys Zsh completion system
1492 zshcompwid Zsh completion widgets
1493 zshcontrib User contributions to zsh
1494 zshexpn Zsh expansion and substitution
1495 zshmisc Anything not fitting into the other sections
1496 zshmodules Zsh loadable modules
1497 zshoptions Zsh options
1498 zshparam Zsh parameters
1499 zshroadmap Informal introduction to the zsh manual
1500 zshtcpsys Zsh tcp system
1501 zshzle Zsh command line editing
1502 zshzftpsys Zsh built-in FTP client
1503 zshall Meta-man page containing all of the above
1504 ------------------------------------------------------------------
1506 Note: especially 'man zshcontrib' covers very useful topics! +
1507 Book: *From Bash to Z Shell* by Oliver Kiddle, Jerry Peck and Peter
1508 Stephenson. *ISBN: 1590593766*. - *http://www.bash2zsh.com/[bash2zsh.com]* +
1509 Also take a look at the section *LINKS* in this manpage.
1513 Probably. This manpage might be never complete. So please report bugs,
1514 feedback and suggestions to <zsh-lovers@michael-prokop.at>. Thank
1519 Copyright \(C) Michael Prokop, Christian Schneider and Matthias