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+
+ <h1>FAQ</h1>
+
+ <p>Up2date: 20060813 - applies to version grml 0.8/grml-small 0.2</p>
+
+ <p><a name="toc"></a><strong>Index:</strong></p>
+
+ <p class="toc"><a href="#general">General:</a></p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#whatis">What is grml?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#get">Where do I get grml?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#whatmeans">What does grml mean?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#pronounce">How do you pronounce grml?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#releasename">What about the release name?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#requirements">Requirements for running grml</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#why">Why another Linux distribution?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#license">What's the license of grml?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#difference">What's the difference between grml and $OTHER-DISTRIBUTION? What are your main goals?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#knoppix">What's the difference between grml and Knoppix?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#accessibility">What does accessibility at grml mean?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#emulation">Is it possible to run grml with $EMULATOR?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#usbboot">How do I boot grml from a USB stick?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#store">Is it possible to store my settings?</a></li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p class="toc"><a href="#grmlsmall">grml-small:</a></p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#whatissmall">What is grml-small?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#smallvsnormal">What is the difference between 'normal' grml and grml-small?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#grmlvsdsl">What is the difference between grml-small and DSL?</a></li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p class="toc"><a href="#system">System</a>:</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#configure">Which tools exist to configure grml?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#password">What are the passwords of users on grml?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#version">How do I find out the version of grml</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#remove_cd">Is it possible to run LiveCD and eject CD-ROM?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#language">How do I change the language/keyboard settings?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#kde_and_foo">KDE, Gnome, $FOO and $BAR</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#wms">Which window managers can I use?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#usbmount">How do I mount a USB device / USB stick?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#booting">Which ways exist to boot grml?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#bugreport">Bugreport</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#hdinstall">Is it possible to install grml to harddisk?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#grml2hdhang">grml2hd seems to hang?!</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#hardware">I have problems with my hardware!</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#boot">grml does not boot on my computer!</a></li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p class="toc"><a href="#kernel">Kernel</a>:</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#kernelconfig">Where can I find the configuration for the kernel used on grml?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#kernelpatches">Are there any special components/patches in the kernel used on grml?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#platform">For which platforms is the grml kernel optimized?</a></li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p class="toc"><a href="#software">Software:</a></p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#sw_general">General</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#sw_version">What version of $PACKAGE is available?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#init">Init-System</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#zsh">Why is zsh the default shell?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#zsh_binsh">Wasn't zsh the /bin/sh interpreter?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#bash">Is a bash available?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#setuid">setuid/SUID</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#bitchx">bitchx</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#ispell">ispell</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#latex">LaTeX</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#slapd">slapd</a></li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p class="toc"><a href="#release">Release related issues</a>:</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#known_issues">Are there any known issues with this release?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#proc_usb">Why isn't /proc/bus/usb mounted anymore?</a></li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p class="toc"><a href="#xserver">X-Server</a></p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#xstart">How do I start the X server?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#xproblem">X does not start on my box?!</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#xresolution">I don't like the resolution of X!</a></li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p class="toc"><a href="#framebuffer">Framebuffer</a></p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#video">The boot option video does not work as expected anymore</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#fbprobs">I don't see anything when booting grml?!</a></li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p class="toc"><a href="#stuff">Unanswered stuff</a></p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#questions">Further questions?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#donate">You like grml? Make a donation to support our work!</a></li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <h2><a name="general"></a><a href="#toc">General</a></h2>
+
+ <h3><a name="whatis"></a><a href="#toc">What is grml?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml is a bootable CD (Live-CD) once based on <a
+ href="http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/">Knoppix</a> and nowadays based on <a
+ href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</a>. grml includes a collection of
+ GNU/Linux software especially for users of texttools and system
+ administrators. grml provides automatic hardware detection. You can use grml
+ as a rescue system, for analyzing systems/networks, or as a working
+ environment. It is not necessary to install anything to a harddisk. Due to
+ on-the-fly decompression grml includes about 2.1 GB of software and
+ documentation on the CD.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="get"></a><a href="#toc">Where do I get grml?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>You can download grml of course: take a look at <a
+ href="/download">grml.org/download/</a>. If you want
+ to get an original grml-CD including <a
+ href="/files/#covers">the grml-cover</a>, need a
+ special amount of CDs or want your own special grml-CD (including
+ your logo, your software and/or special settings) <a
+ href="/contact/">please don't hesitate to contact
+ us</a>! Take a look at <a
+ href="http://solutions.grml.org/">grml-solutions</a> for more
+ information regarding our offers.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="whatmeans"></a><a href="#toc">What does grml mean?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml is short for 'grummel' and comes close to 'argl' or 'grrr' in English. People
+ use this when they want to express their dissatisfaction/discontentedness with software
+ (amongst other things):</p>
+
+<pre class="rahmen">
+$ grep -ch grml .centericq/**/history | xargs echo | \
+ sed 's/[0-9]*/& + /g' | sed 's/+ $//g' | bc -l
+3746</pre>
+
+ <h3><a name="pronounce"></a><a href="#toc">How do you pronounce grml?</a></h3>
+
+<pre class="rahmen">
+% flite -o play -t gremel</pre>
+
+<!--
+ $ echo 'ghroummel' | festival \-\-tts
+-->
+
+ <h3><a name="releasename"></a><a href="#toc">What about the release name?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Codename of grml 0.8 is Funkenzutzler. 'Funken' is the german word for
+ sparks. Zutzler is austrian jargon for 'some(one|body) who sucks'. The word
+ Funkenzutzler is an austrian word for an electrical engineering technician.
+ Oh, and yes: grml is sucking since 2004. But less than the rest. Mess with
+ the best - suck like the rest.</p>
+
+ <p>Codename of grml-small 0.2 is Corry. Corry is the nickname of <a
+ href="/team/">Michael Gebetsroither's</a> girlfriend.</p>
+
+<!--
+ <p>Codename of grml-small 0.3 is Bugwards. Neither backwards, nor bugs. Just Bugwards.</p>
+-->
+
+ <h3><a name="requirements"></a><a href="#toc">Requirements for running grml</a></h3>
+
+ <ul>
+
+ <li>Intel-compatible CPU (i586 or later, preferably Pentium class or higher)</li>
+
+ <li>at least 64MB of RAM (for stable use with ramdisks for unionfs and udev
+ and running X window system we recommend at least 128MB)</li>
+
+ <li>grml-small: at least 32MB RAM should be available</li>
+
+ <li>bootable CD-ROM drive (or <a
+ href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=tips">a boot floppy</a> and standard
+ CD-ROM [IDE/ATAPI or SCSI]) [or network - see <a
+ href="#terminalserver">grml-terminalserver</a>]</li>
+
+ </ul>
+
+ <h3><a name="why"></a><a href="#toc">Why another Linux distribution?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>There already exist "<a
+ href="http://www.distrowatch.com/">some</a>" distributions. We decided
+ to base our work on the existing infrastructure of <a
+ href="http://debian.org/">Debian</a> and <a
+ href="http://www.knoppix.net/">Knoppix</a> because we don't want to reinvent
+ the wheel. Some admins already use their own rescue-CD and Knoppix works but
+ does not bring that many important tools for admins and users of texttools
+ out of the box, so we decided to share our work with others.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="license"></a><a href="#toc">What's the license of grml?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Anything written by the grml team is published under the GPL (<a
+ href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a>).
+ You don't have to pay anything for running grml. <a
+ href="/donations/">Donations</a> and <a href="/contact/">feedback</a> are
+ welcome of course. If you want a special LiveCD or need support, take a
+ look at <a href="http://solutions.grml.org/">grml-solutions</a>.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="difference"></a><a href="#toc">What's the difference between grml and
+ $OTHER-DISTRIBUTION? What are your main goals?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>The main goal of grml is to be a distribution well suited for
+ users of texttools and sysadmins. grml includes many important
+ texttools (of course awk, sed, grep, ... but also zsh, mutt[ng],
+ slrn, vim and many others) and useful programs for admin's
+ daily work. grml uses the existing infrastructure of <a
+ href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</a>. grml was once based on <a
+ href="http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/">Knoppix</a> (see '<a
+ href="#knoppix">What's the difference between grml and
+ Knoppix?</a>' for more details). We are also merging
+ useful things from other distributions/live-cds to provide a
+ perfect environment.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="knoppix"></a><a href="#toc">What's the difference between grml and Knoppix?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml comes with a vastly different set of software. Missing KDE
+ and OpenOffice provides the opportunity of shipping more than 800
+ packages which Knoppix does not provide on its CD version. grml
+ boots a 2.6.x kernel but no X for faster startup. Knoppix is based
+ on Debian/testing-experimental (using apt-pinning), but grml is
+ basically based on plain Debian/unstable providing more current
+ versions of software and less painfull upgrades. grml was once
+ based on Knoppix but nowadays (except for a similar initial
+ ramdisk) has nothing in common with Knoppix:</p>
+
+<pre class="rahmen">
+# locate knoppix
+# find / -iname \*knoppix\*
+#</pre>
+
+ <p>We consider Knoppix as a brand name for live-cds nowadays and
+ provide most of Knoppix' features as well. grml uses (mostly) the
+ same cheatcodes for booting as Knoppix and even provides some extra
+ ones. So if you are used to the basic Knoppix features you might
+ find them on the grml-system as well. Ripping out the Knoppix
+ stuff makes it possible to create a grml system out of a
+ Debian system and vice versa. Running 'apt-get install grml' on a
+ Debian box will be officially supported in an upcoming version of
+ grml.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="accessibility"></a><a href="#toc">What does accessibility at grml mean?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>The grml kernel includes <a href="/kernel/#speakup">support for
+ speakup</a> and provides software like brltty (using bootoption 'grml blind
+ brltty=type,port,tbl'), emacspeak and flite.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="emulation"></a><a href="#toc">Is it possible to run grml with $EMULATOR?</a></h3>
+
+ <p><a href="http://www.vmware.com/">VMWare</a> should work without any
+ problems. It's also possible to run grml with <a
+ href="http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/">QEMU</a>, an emulator for various
+ CPUs which works on Linux, Windows, FreeBSD and Mac OS X. Running grml with
+ QEMU has been tested successfully on Windows and Linux. Take a look at <a
+ href="/qemu/">the QEMU-grml-webpage</a>.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="usbboot"></a><a href="#toc">How do I boot grml from a USB stick?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Take a look at the script <a
+ href="/scripts/grml2usb">grml2usb</a>. For more
+ details, take a look at the <a
+ href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=usb">usb-webpage in the
+ grml-wiki.</a></p>
+
+ <h3><a name="store"></a><a href="#toc">Is it possible to store my settings?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Yes. grml provides a powerful config framework. See <a
+ href="/config/">grml.org/config/</a>, <a
+ href="file:///usr/share/doc/grml-saveconfig/grml-config.html">/usr/share/doc/grml-saveconfig/grml-config.html</a>
+ and 'man save-config restore-config mkpersistenthome' for more
+ details.</p>
+
+ <h2><a name="grmlsmall"></a><a href="#toc">grml-small?</a></h2>
+
+ <h3><a name="whatissmall"></a><a href="#toc">What is grml-small?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Whereas grml provides about 2.1 GB of software on a 700 MB ISO, grml-small
+ is a flavor with online ~55 MB ISO-size (~200 MB uncompressed). It does not
+ provide a lot of software but the essential stuff for being a rescue system
+ on a business card CD-ROM or a small USB device. You can use the Debian
+ package management system to install software on the fly (assuming you have
+ network access to a Debian mirror). Take a look at the <a
+ href="/files/">'Debian-Information'-section</a> if you are
+ searching for the package list.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="smallvsnormal"></a><a href="#toc">What is the
+ difference between 'normal' grml and grml-small?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>The 700 MB-grml brings more than 2370 packages of software and a <a
+ href="/kernel/">full-featured kernel</a>. grml-small includes
+ about 215 software packages, lacks documentation and manpages on the ISO and
+ has a stripped-down <a href="/kernel/">kernel</a> (but still
+ provides hardware detection of course). <a
+ href="#terminalserver">grml-terminalserver</a> is <strong>not</strong>
+ available/supported on grml-small.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="grmlvsdsl"></a><a href="#toc">What is the
+ difference between grml-small and DSL?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>DSL and grml-small have different target audiences. <a
+ href="http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/">Damn Small Linux</a> (DSL) uses kernel
+ version 2.4 whereas grml-small provides a recent version of kernel version
+ 2.6. DSL provides the X window system which grml-small does not. grml-small
+ provides the most important packages for sysadmins and ships the original
+ Debian package management which allows you to install packages of the Debian
+ pool with no modifications.</p>
+
+ <h2><a name="system"></a><a href="#toc">System</a></h2>
+
+ <h3><a name="configure"></a><a href="#toc">Which tools exist to configure grml?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml provides several scripts and tools which should make life
+ easier. See 'dpkg -L grml-scripts' to get an overview of some main
+ scripts. Run 'grml-config' to get a dialog interface for the most
+ important scripts and tasks.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="password"></a><a href="#toc">What are the passwords of users on grml?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>There are no default passwords. All accounts are locked by
+ default. Even local logins are not possible (unless you set a
+ password or create new user accounts as root). You can create
+ valid passwords using "sudo passwd [username]" from the shell
+ individually.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="version"></a><a href="#toc">How do I find out the version of grml</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Run 'grml-version' or use the following command:</p>
+
+<pre class="rahmen">
+$ cat /etc/grml_version</pre>
+
+ <h3><a name="remove_cd"></a><a href="#toc">Is it possible to run LiveCD and eject CD-ROM?</a></h3>
+
+<pre class="rahmen">
+$ sudo umount -l /cdrom
+$ sudo eject /dev/cdrom # now don't run any new programs ;)
+$ mount /dev/cdrom # mount it again if needed ;)
+</pre>
+
+ <h3><a name="language"></a><a href="#toc">How do I change the language/keyboard settings?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>By default grml uses English settings. But it is possible to
+ change the settings via using either the bootparam(s) lang,
+ keyboard and xkeyboard or via running grml-lang when grml is
+ already running. Usage examples:</p>
+
+<pre class="rahmen">
+grml lang=de # enter this at the bootprompt and you will get
+ # German keyboard layout and German $LANG, $LC_ALL,
+ # $LANGUAGE...
+grml keyboard=de xkeyboard=de lang=at # enter this at the bootprompt
+ # and you will get German keyboard and Austrian
+ # language variables
+$ grml-lang de # enter this in the shell to switch keyboard layout
+ # and $LANG settings in a running grml-system
+</pre>
+
+ <p>If you are running grml from harddisk (using <a
+ href="#hdinstall">grml2hd</a>) you have several options how to set
+ language options:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+
+ <li>adjust /etc/environment to configure global language
+ settings</li>
+
+ <li>set $LC_ALL, $LANG, $LANGUAGE in your ~/.xinitrc (before the
+ 'exec $WINDOWMANAGER line' of course) to configure the
+ language behaviour of programs</li>
+
+ <li>adjust /etc/sysconfig/keyboard to configure keyboard layout
+ on console, or run 'loadkeys $KEYTABLE' manually</li>
+
+ <li>add 'setxkbmap $LANGUAGE' to the keybindings section in
+ your ~/.xinitrc to configure keyboard setup in X window system
+ (deactivate the xmodmap lines if necessary)</li>
+
+ </ul>
+
+ <h3><a name="kde_and_foo"></a><a href="#toc">KDE, Gnome, $FOO and $BAR</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Why isn't KDE, Gnome, $FOO or $BAR part of grml? grml is a distribution
+ for users of texttools and sysadmins. If you would like to run KDE with
+ Debian use e.g. <a href="http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/">Knoppix</a>, <a
+ href="http://kanotix.com/">Kanotix</a> or <a
+ href="http://www.kubuntu.org/">Kubuntu</a>. Gnome users might find <a
+ href="http://www.ubuntulinux.org/">Ubuntu</a> useful. If you would like to
+ see a specific (software) package added to grml please <a
+ href="/report/">report it to us</a>!</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="wms"></a><a href="#toc">Which window managers can I use?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml is shipped only with window managers which are lightweight and
+ fast - so well suited for a live-CD. At the moment, grml provides these window managers:
+ <a href="http://wmii.de/dwm/">dwm</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.6809.org.uk/evilwm/">evilwm</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.fluxbox.org/">fluxbox</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.fvwm.org/">fvwm</a>,
+ <a href="http://fvwm-crystal.org/">fvwm-crystal</a>,
+ <a href="http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~tuomov/ion/">ion3</a>,
+ <a href="http://joewing.net/programs/jwm/index.shtml">jwm</a>,
+ <a href="http://pekwm.org/">pekwm</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.nongnu.org/ratpoison/">ratpoison</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.plig.org/xwinman/vtwm.html">twm</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.grassouille.org/code/w9wm/README">w9wm</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.nickgravgaard.com/windowlab/">windowlab</a>,
+ <a href="http://wmii.de/">wmi and wmii</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If you are new to grml and/or prefer an easy-to-use-desktop run 'grml-x
+ wm-ng' for starting fluxbox with idesk and gkrellm.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="usbmount"></a><a href="#toc">How do I mount a USB device / USB stick?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Run 'mount /mnt/external1' for example if you want to mount
+ /dev/sda1. udev on grml does multiplexing for USB block devices,
+ /dev/external1 is a symlink to /dev/sda1.</p>
+
+ <a name="terminalserver"></a>
+ <h3><a name="booting"></a><a href="#toc">Which ways exist to boot grml?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>The most common way to boot grml is, of course, running from
+ CD-ROM, but grml provides many more ways to boot grml:</p>
+
+ <p>It is possible to boot grml via USB (e.g. USB stick or harddisk),
+ firewire, or running from a Compact Flash disk. It works out of the
+ box; you don't need to modify anything. If accessing the device
+ fails, use the 'scandelay' cheatcode on bootprompt. So, boot with
+ 'grml scandelay'. If the timeout is still not long enough add the
+ time to wait in seconds as parameter: 'grml scandelay=15'. See <a
+ href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=usb">usb-webpage in the
+ grml-wiki</a> for more details.</p>
+
+ <p>Your computer can not boot from CD-ROM but provides a floppy
+ disk? Take a look at <a
+ href="http://btmgr.webframe.org/">btmgr</a>, <a
+ href="http://ubcd4win.com/faq.htm#floppy">ubcd4win</a> or <a
+ href="http://linux.simple.be/tools/sbm">sbm</a>. They provide
+ support for booting from CD-ROM via a special floppy disk.</p>
+
+ <p>grml-terminalserver makes it possible to boot your system
+ via network. If you have a floppy drive, you can even boot your
+ system over network when your network card does not provide
+ PXE-support! For more information, refer to the <a
+ href="/terminalserver/">grml-terminalserver-webpage</a>.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="bugreport"></a><a href="#toc">Bugreport</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Take a look at the <a href="/bugs/">bugs-webpage</a>.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="hdinstall"></a><a href="#toc">Is it possible to install grml to harddisk?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Yes. grml provides a tool called grml2hd (see '<a
+ href="/grml2hd/grml2hd.html">man grml2hd</a>'). grml is developed on a box
+ running the grml-system itself, and we - the grml-developers - especially like
+ grml2hd because it gives us a working Linux box within 10 to 30 minutes!
+ grml2hd is perfect for prototyping: test hardware support of Linux, test a
+ specific setup, ... You can even use grml2hd in a fully automatic mode without
+ any further interaction. More information is available on <a
+ href="/grml2hd/">grml.org/grml2hd/</a> and <a
+ href="/grml2hd/grml2hd.html">man grml2hd</a>. Notice: If you are using grml
+ in a production environment and/or use a grml2hd installation, we strongly
+ recommend you subscribe to <a href="/mailinglist/">the grml user
+ mailinglist</a>! Note that grml is based on Debian unstable, so you should
+ be familiar with Debian unstable if you plan to use grml as a harddisk
+ system.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="grml2hdhang"></a><a href="#toc">grml2hd seems to hang?!</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml2hd seems to hang? Switch to tty12 and take a look at the syslog output.
+ If you see something like:</p>
+
+<pre class="rahmen">
+SQUASHFS error: zlib_fs returned unexpected result 0x........
+SQUASHFS error: Unable to read cache block [.....]
+SQUASHFS error: Unable to read inode [.....]</pre>
+
+ <p>your ISO/CD-ROM very probably is not ok. Verify it via booting with
+ grml testcd. Check your CD low-level via running:</p>
+
+<pre class="rahmen">
+# readcd -c2scan dev=/dev/cdrom</pre>
+
+ <p>If the medium really is ok and it still fails try to boot with
+ DMA deactivated via 'grml nodma ide=nodma' at the bootprompt.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="hardware"></a><a href="#toc">I have problems with my hardware!</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Take a look at the script grml-hwinfo. This script generates a
+ file named info.tar.bz2 which contains important information about
+ your hardware. If you think we might help, please run
+ grml-hwinfo and send us the file with additional, relevant
+ information regarding your problem.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="boot"></a><a href="#toc">grml does not boot on my computer!</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Please take a look at <a
+ href="/files/grml-cheatcodes.txt">the available
+ bootparamters and cheatcodes</a> and '<a href="#booting">Which ways
+ exist to boot grml?</a>'. Especially booting with 'acpi=off noapm
+ noapic' might help. Bootparameter 'failsafe' provides minimal
+ hardware detection. You still have problems? Please <a
+ href="/contact/">contact us</a>!</p>
+
+ <h2><a name="kernel"></a><a href="#toc">Kernel</a></h2>
+
+ <h3><a name="kernelconfig"></a><a href="#toc">Where can I find the configuration for the kernel used on
+ grml?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>See /boot/config-`uname -r` and on <a href="/kernel/">the kernel-webpage</a>.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="kernelpatches"></a><a href="#toc">Are there any special components/patches in the kernel
+ used on grml?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml uses the most current stable vanilla Linux kernel from <a
+ href="http://www.kernel.org/">www.kernel.org</a> with some
+ additional patches. More information and an all-in-one patch is
+ available on the <a
+ href="/kernel/">kernel-page</a>.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="platform"></a><a href="#toc">For which platforms is the grml kernel optimized?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Plain i586 compatibility-mode with SMP deactivated (to avoid problems with
+ specific systems and drivers). [Note: grml-small provides a kernel with SMP
+ support.]</p>
+
+ <h2><a name="software"></a><a href="#toc">Software</a></h2>
+
+ <h3><a name="sw_general"></a><a href="#toc">General</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Want to run a program as root? Just use 'sudo $PROGRAM'. To get a
+ root-shell run 'sudo su'.</p>
+
+ <p>Problems with a specific package? Please try 'dpkg-reconfigure $foo'.
+ Still encountering difficulties? Please send us a <a
+ href="/bugs/">bugreport</a>!</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="sw_version"></a><a href="#toc">What version of $PACKAGE is
+ available?</a></h3>
+ <p>Take a look at the dpkg_... files in the <a
+ href="/files/#debian">Debian-Information section on
+ grml.org/files/</a>. </p>
+
+ <h3><a name="init"></a><a href="#toc">Init-System</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Why is grml using runlevel 2 as default? Because runlevel 2 is 'the
+ textonly one' and it's debian's default.</p>
+
+ <p>Where are all the /etc/rc#.d-directories? grml doesn't use
+ sysv-rc but file-rc. This means you can configure the init system
+ in one single file named /etc/runlevel.conf with your favourite
+ editor. No symlink-hell anymore.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="zsh"></a><a href="#toc">Why is zsh the default shell (/bin/sh)?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Short answer: because zsh rocks.</p>
+
+ <p>Longer answer taken from <a href="http://zsh.sunsite.dk/FAQ/zshfaq01.html#l3">ZSH
+ FAQ: 1.2: What is it?</a>:</p>
+
+ <cite> Zsh is a UNIX command interpreter (shell) which of the standard shells most
+ resembles the Korn shell (ksh); its compatibility with the 1988 Korn shell has been
+ gradually increasing. It includes enhancements of many types, notably in the
+ command-line editor, options for customising its behaviour, filename globbing, features
+ to make C-shell (csh) users feel more at home and extra features drawn from tcsh
+ (another `custom' shell).</cite>
+
+ <p>If you don't know zsh take a look at <a
+ href="http://zsh.sunsite.dk/FAQ/zshfaq02.html#l9">ZSH FAQ: How does zsh
+ differ from ...?</a>, 'man zsh | less -p COMPATIBILITY' and '<a
+ href="/zsh/">man zsh-lovers</a>'.</p>
+
+ <p>If you are a bash user and don't know zsh yet, don't be afraid. bash is largely a
+ subset of zsh and you don't have to throw away your knowledge about shell stuff.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="zsh_binsh"></a><a href="#toc">Wasn't zsh the /bin/sh interpreter?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Yes, until grml 0.6 zsh was the intepreter for /bin/sh. Starting
+ with release 0.7 grml uses /bin/bash as /bin/sh. The reason?
+ Debian does not support zsh as /bin/sh. Take a look at <a
+ href="http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=329288">#329288</a>
+ and <a
+ href="http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=340058">#340058</a>
+ for example.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="bash"></a><a href="#toc">Is a bash available?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml uses <a href="#zsh">zsh</a> as the default shell but, of
+ course, a current version of bash (and many other shells as well)
+ is provided by grml.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="setuid"></a><a href="#toc">setuid/SUID</a></h3>
+
+ <p>If you set a programm SUID (setuid/mode 4755), unprivileged users on your system will
+ be able to run it. This <em>could</em> be a potentially security hole, so by default the
+ packages are configured not to install binaries with setuid. If you want to use the
+ binaries with setuid please run 'dpkg-reconfigure $packagename' or 'chmod 4755
+ =programm'. The following packages are well known to have a programm with not set
+ setuid:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>hddtemp</li>
+ <li>pconsole</li>
+ <li>pdsh</li>
+ <li>prospect</li>
+ <li>rssh</li>
+ <li>scponly</li>
+ <li>sing</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <h3><a name="bitchx"></a><a href="#toc">bitchx</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Why isn't bitchx part of grml? <a
+ href="http://www.google.com/search?q=bitchx+sucks">bitchx
+ sucks</a>. Please use a better alternative like <a
+ href="http://irssi.org/">irssi</a> or <a
+ href="http://weechat.flashtux.org/index.php?lang=en">weechat</a>
+ which are part of grml.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="ispell"></a><a href="#toc">ispell</a></h3>
+
+ <p>You don't want to use the preselected default for ispell? Run
+ 'select-default-ispell' for changing it.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="latex"></a><a href="#toc">LaTeX</a></h3>
+
+ <p>auctex and preview-latex are loaded by default in emacs. If you want to load
+ auctex based on your personal settings put the string "(require 'tex-site)" in your
+ ~/.emacs, for preview-latex use the string '(load "preview-latex")'.<br />
+ To change this run 'dpkg-reconfigure auctex' and/or 'dpkg-reconfigure
+ preview-latex'.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="slapd"></a><a href="#toc">slapd</a></h3>
+
+ <p>The password for the admin entry in the LDAP directory is 'grml'.</p>
+
+ <h2><a name="release"></a><a href="#toc">Release related issues</a></h2>
+
+ <h3><a name="known_issues"></a><a href="#toc">Are there any known issues with this release?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>We won't hide anything. Therefore, we do provide all known
+ issues/bugs publicly available:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+
+ <li><a href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=grml_0.8">issues regarding
+ grml 0.8</a> and</li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=grml-small_0.3">issues
+ regarding grml-small 0.3</a> in <a href="http://wiki.grml.org/">the
+ grml-wiki</a></li>
+
+ </ul>
+
+ <p>If you find another bug, or consider something a problem not yet
+ mentioned <a href="#bugreport">please report it to us</a>!</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="proc_usb"></a><a href="#toc">Why isn't /proc/bus/usb mounted anymore?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Starting with kernel 2.6.14, /dev/bus/usb replaces usbfs.
+ Current versions of libusb check for /dev/bus/usb's existence and
+ /proc/bus/usb is not necessary anymore (see <a
+ href="http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=336596">#336596</a>).
+ Of course 'mount /proc/bus/usb' still works; it is just not mounted
+ by default anymore. If you see any problems please <a
+ href="#bugreport">report them</a>.</p>
+
+ <h2><a name="xserver"></a><a href="#toc">X-Server</a></h2>
+
+ <h3><a name="xstart"></a><a href="#toc">How do I start the X server?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Please use 'grml-x' as user grml for starting X on the live-cd. It
+ generates the config file /etc/X11/xorg.conf and lets you start commands on
+ startup (see ~/.xinitrc). Use it, for example, via switching to TTY4 (press
+ Alt+F4) and run the following command to start wm-ng (window manager fluxbox
+ with idesk and gkrellm):</p>
+
+<pre class="rahmen">
+grml-x wm-ng</pre>
+
+ <p>If you have /etc/X11/xorg.conf already you can use 'startx' instead of
+ grml-x. Adjust ~/.xinitrc to your needs.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="xproblem"></a><a href="#toc">X does not start on my box?!</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml-x supports several options. If you want to set some special options
+ please take a look at the grml-x manpage (man grml-x)! Some usage examples:</p>
+
+<pre class="rahmen">
+grml-x -display 8 fluxbox # start fluxbox on display 8
+grml-x -force -nostart fluxbox # force creation of xconfig file and don't start X server
+grml-x -hsync 60 fluxbox # set horizontal frequency and start fluxbox
+grml-x -hsync 60 -vsync 40 fluxbox # set horizontal and vertical sync frequencies and start fluxbox
+grml-x -mode '800x600' fluxbox # set resolution to 800x600 and start fluxbox
+grml-x -module vesa fluxbox # start fluxbox and use vesa module
+</pre>
+
+ <h3><a name="xresolution"></a><a href="#toc">I don't like the resolution of X!</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Just run xrandr to switch the resolution. For example: 'xrandr -s
+ 1024x768'.</p>
+
+ <h2><a name="framebuffer"></a><a href="#toc">Framebuffer</a></h2>
+
+ <h3><a name="video"></a><a href="#toc">The boot option video does not work as
+ expected anymore</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml versions 0.4 and 0.5 provided <a
+ href="/kernel/#vesafbtng">vesafb-tng</a> instead of
+ normal vesafb. Starting with grml 0.6 and grml-small 0.2 vesafb-tng
+ is not part of the grml-kernel anymore because it caused too many
+ problems. Therefore, you can use the 'normal' vga=... option
+ again.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="fbprobs"></a><a href="#toc">I don't see anything when booting grml?!</a></h3>
+
+ <p>Likely, this is a problem with vesafb framebuffer. Try to boot
+ with bootoption 'nofb' or 'grml vga=normal'.</p>
+
+ <h2><a name="question"></a><a href="#toc">Further questions</a></h2>
+
+ <p>Do you have a question which is not answered in the FAQ or in
+ the provided <a href="/docs/">documentation</a>
+ (also run 'grml-info' on your grml-system)? Run 'grml-tips
+ $KEYWORD' on your grml-system. Take a look at <a
+ href="/">the grml-website</a> and <a
+ href="http://wiki.grml.org/">the grml-wiki</a>. Please don't
+ hesitate to <a href="/contact/">contact us</a>, a
+ good place to start is the <a
+ href="/mailinglist/">grml mailinglist</a>.</p>
+
+ <h3><a name="donate"></a><a href="#toc">You like grml? Make a donation
+ to support our work!</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml is, as every other Open-Source project, driven by the many
+ contributions made by many developers. The grml-team spends a great
+ deal of their time and money toward this project.</p>
+
+ <p>If you have been using grml you will come to remember how much money you
+ or your company saves by using it and how you have been supported via
+ the project mailing list, personal mail or irc.</p>
+
+ <p>Now you can contribute by donating to grml. Your donation could either
+ be money or hardware that one of the developers or the project as a whole
+ needs. A donation would enable us to either support a specific
+ hardware/software either at all or simply better.</p>
+
+ <p>See <a href="http://grml.org/donations/">grml.org/donations/</a> for
+ details. Thank you for helping us to work on grml!</p>
+ </div>
+
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