+++ /dev/null
-<!-- Creator : groff version 1.18.1 -->
-<!-- CreationDate: Sun Jun 19 12:12:12 2005 -->
-<html>
-<head>
-<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see www.gnu.org">
-<meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css">
-<title>zsh−lovers</title>
-</head>
-<body>
-
-<h1 align=center>zsh−lovers</h1>
-<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
-<a href="#OVERVIEW">OVERVIEW</a><br>
-<a href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a><br>
-<a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a><br>
-<a href="#LINKS">LINKS</a><br>
-<a href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a><br>
-<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
-<a href="#BUGS">BUGS</a><br>
-<a href="#COPYRIGHT">COPYRIGHT</a><br>
-
-<hr>
-<a name="NAME"></a>
-<h2>NAME</h2>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>zsh−lovers − tips, tricks and examples for
-the Z shell</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<a name="OVERVIEW"></a>
-<h2>OVERVIEW</h2>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Whenever we look at the zsh manual we wonder why there
-are no examples for those simply things in (shell) life. The
-zsh contains many features, but there was no manpage with
-some examples (like procmailex(5)). That’s why we
-wrote this manpage.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Most of the tricks and oneliner come from the
-mailinglists zsh−users, zsh−workers, google,
-newsgroups and from ourself. See section <b>LINKS</b> for
-details.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p><b>Note:</b> This manpage (zsh-lovers(1)) is <b>not</b>
-an offical part of the Z shell! It’s just a just for
-fun − manpage ;) For comments, bugreports and feedback
-take a quick look at the section <b>BUGS.</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<a name="EXAMPLES"></a>
-<h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>REDIRECTION</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>See also <i>man 1 zshmisc</i>.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>null command shorthands:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> "< file" is like "$READNULLCMD <file"
- "> file" is like "cat >file"
- ">> file" is like "cat >>file"
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Append ‘exit 1’ at the end of all *.sh
-− files:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ echo "exit 1" >> *.sh
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Append /etc/services at the end of file ‘foo’
-and ‘bar’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ cat /etc/services >> foo >> bar
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Pipe STDERR:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ echo An error >&2 2>&1 | sed -e ’s/A/I/’
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>MULTIPLE I/O REDIRECTION</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Requires <i>setopt multios</i>! Some examples:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Print output of ’ls’ into files
-’foo’ and ’bar’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls >foo >bar
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Send standard output of one process to standard input of
-several processes in the pipeline:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ process1 > >(process1) > >(process2)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Redirection to file as well as send on to pipe:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ make install > /tmp/logfile | grep -i error
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Redirect stderr to a command like xless without
-redirecting stdout as well:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ foo 2>>(xless)
-... but this executes the command asynchronously. To do it synchronously:
- $ { { foo 1>&3 } 2>&1 | xless } 3>&1
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Redirect stderr two times:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ setopt multios ; program 2> file2 > file1 2>&1
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>More fun with stderr:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ./my-script.sh 2> >(grep -v geek >error.log) | process-output > output.log
- echo "Thats STDOUT" >>(sed ’s/stdout/another example/’ > foobar)
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>MODIFIERS USAGE</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Modifiers are a powerful mechanism that lets you modify
-the results returned by parameter, filename and history
-expansion. See zshexpn(1) for details.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Remove a trailing pathname component, leaving the head.
-This works like ‘dirname’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ echo =ls(:h)
- /bin
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Remove all leading pathname components, leaving the tail.
-This works like ‘basename’.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ echo =ls(:t)
- ls
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Remove a filename extension of the form
-‘.xxx’, leaving the root name.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ echo $PWD
- /usr/src/linux
- $ echo $PWD:t
- linux
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Remove all but the extension.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ foo=23.42
- $ echo $foo
- 23.42
- $ echo $foo:e
- 42
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Print the new command but do not execute it. Only works
-with history expansion.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ echo =ls(:h)
- /bin
- $ !echo:p
- $ echo =ls(:h)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Quote the substituted words, escaping further
-substitutions.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ bar="23’42"
- $ echo $bar
- 23’42
- $ echo $bar:q
- 23´42
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Convert the words to all lowercase.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ bar=FOOBAR
- $ echo $bar
- FOOBAR
- $ echo $bar:l
- foobar
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Convert the words to all uppercase.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ bar=foobar
- $ echo $bar
- foobar
- $ echo $bar:u
- FOOBAR
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Variables can be modified by modifiers, too. That makes
-modification of variables possible without using any
-external program.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> sentence="beginning and some words of a sentence with end."
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Now lets split this sentence-var by using the (s| |)
-modifier which modifies words by splitting at "
-":</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> words=${(s| |)sentence}
- print $words[1] -> "beginning"
- print $words[-1] ->"end."
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Now if one wants to have the beginning of a sentence with
-a Capital, it’s as easy as doing:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> print "${(C)words[1]} $words[2,-1]"
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>which capitalizes the first word of the list words and
-then adds with " " second to last word of words.
-It’s possible to join these words as a colon separated
-scalar.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> colonlist=${(j|,|)words} # (j|,|) joins with ",".
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>You can see that it’s a scalar by testing with
-(t):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> print ${(t)colonlist} prints "scalar".
- print ${(t)words} prints "array".
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>It’s possible to sort arrays with o and O:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> print ${(o)words} # lists the words-array sorted (forwards)
- print ${(O)words} # lists the words-array sorted (backwards)
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>COMPLETITION</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>See also <i>man 1 zshcompctl zshcompsys zshcompwid</i>.
-zshcompctl is the old style of zsh programmable completion,
-zshcompsys is the new completion system, zshcompwid are the
-zsh completion widgets.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Some functions, like _apt and _dpkg, are very slow. You
-can use a cache in order to proxy the list of results (like
-the list of available debian packages) Use a cache:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> zstyle ’:completion:*’ use-cache on
- zstyle ’:completion:*’ cache-path ~/.zsh/cache
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Prevent CVS files/directories from being completed :</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> zstyle ’:completion:*:(all-|)files’ ignored-patterns ’(|*/)CVS’
- zstyle ’:completion:*:cd:*’ ignored-patterns ’(*/)#CVS’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Fuzzy matching of completions for when you mistype
-them:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> zstyle ’:completion:*’ completer _complete _match _approximate
- zstyle ’:completion:*:match:*’ original only
- zstyle ’:completion:*:approximate:*’ max-errors 1 numeric
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>And if you want the number of errors allowed by
-_approximate to increase with the length of what you have
-typed so far:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> zstyle -e ’:completion:*:approximate:*’ max-errors ’reply=( $(( ($#PREFIX+$#SUFFIX)/3 )) numeric )’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Ignore completion functions for commands you don’t
-have:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> zstyle ’:completion:*:functions’ ignored-patterns ’_*’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>With helper functions like:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> xdvi() { command xdvi ${*:-*.dvi(om[1])} }
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>you can avoid having to complete at all in many cases,
-but if you do, you might want to fall into menu selection
-immediately and to have the words sorted by time:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> zstyle ’:completion:*:*:xdvi:*’ menu yes select
- zstyle ’:completion:*:*:xdvi:*’ file-sort time
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Completing process IDs with menu selection:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> zstyle ’:completion:*:*:kill:*’ menu yes select
- zstyle ’:completion:*:kill:*’ force-list always
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>If you end up using a directory as argument, this will
-remove the trailing slash (usefull in ln)</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> zstyle ’:completion:*’ squeeze-slashes true
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>cd will never select the parent directory (e.g.: cd
-../<TAB>):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> zstyle ’:completion:*:cd:*’ ignore-parents parent pwd
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>ADVANCED GLOBBING</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>See <i>man zshexpn | less -p ’Glob
-Qualifiers’</i></p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List file ’foobar’ via recursiv search in
-directories:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls **/foobar
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List files file20, file30, file100, etc:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls file<20->
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List files with suffix c and pro (e.g. foo.c,
-bar.pro):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls *.(c|pro)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List files which are word-readable:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls *(R)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List all .c-files except ’lex.c’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls *.c~lex.c
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List all ‘README’ - files case-insensitive
-with max. one typo (e.g. RADME, REEME, RAEDME):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls (#a1)README
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List files named README but accept one spelling error
-including case-insensitive (e.g. RADME, REEME, RAEDME):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls (#ia1)README
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List executable files, directories and symlinks:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls *(*@)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List dangling symlinks:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls **/*(-@)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List all zero-length-files which are not group- or
-world-writable:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls *(L0f.go-w.)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List all .c-files for which there doesn’t exist a
-.o file:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ c=(*.c) o=(*.o(N)) eval ’ls ${${c:#(${~${(j:|:)${o:r}}}).c}:?done}’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Find (and print) all symbolic links without a target
-within the current dirtree:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ file **/*(D@) | fgrep broken
- $ for i in **/*(D@); [[ -f $i || -d $i ]] || echo $i
- $ echo **/*(@-^./=%p)
- $ print -l **/*(-@)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename all MP3-files from name with spaces.mp3 to Name
-With Spaces.mp3:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in *.mp3; do
- mv $i ${${(C)i}:s/Mp3/mp3/}
- done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename all PDF-files from name.mp3 to Name.mp3 (lowercase
-to uppercase of first letter) without touching the rest of
-the filename:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv ’([a-z])(*).pdf’ ’${(C)1}$2.pdf’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Substitutions in strings can be done by
-string-indexes:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ a="doh.";a[1]=’d’;a[-1]=’. (Bart Simpson)’
- $ echo $a
- doh. (Bart Simpson)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Associative arrays:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ typeset -A ass_array; ass_array=(one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4)
- $ print ${(k)ass_array} # prints keys
- one four two three
- $ print ${(v)ass_array} # prints values
- 1 4 2 3
- $ print $ass_array[one]
- 1
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Extract parts of a string. Print first word of output of
-’date’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print ${$( date )[1]}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Extract parts of a string. Print ip-address of loopback
-device:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print ${${$( LC_ALL=C /sbin/ifconfig lo )[6]}#addr:}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Print specific line of a file. E.g. print line 5 of
-file:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print -l ${"$( < file )"[(f)5]}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Print line containing string ’root’ of file
-/etc/passwd:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print ${"$( < /etc/passwd )"[(fr)*root*]}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Print words two to four of output of
-’date’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print ${$( date )[2,4]}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Use of two-dimensional indizes. Print time via date but
-without seconds:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print ${$(date)[4][1,5]}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Calculate floating point numbers:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ printf "%.0f0 $[ 2.8*15 ]
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Convert images from foo.gif to foo.png:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in **/*.gif; convert $i $i:r.png
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Download files created with LaTeX2HTML (e.g. the
-ZSH-Guide):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for f in http://zsh.sunsite.dk/Guide/zshguide{,{01..08}}.html; do
- lynx -source $f >${f:t}
- done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Make with dpkg a master-list of everyfile that it has
-installed:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ diff <(find / | sort) <(cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/*.list | sort)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Replace this color escape-sequences:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ autoload colors ; colors
- $ print "$bg[cyan]$fg[blue]Welcome to man zsh-lovers" >> $TTY
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Get ASCII value of a character:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ char=N ; print $((#char))
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Filename suffix. Note: (N) activates setopt nullglob only
-for this loop.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in *.o(N); do
- rm $i
- done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename files: ’FOO’ to ’foo’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in *(.); mv $i ${i:l}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename files: ’bar’ to ’BAR’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in *(.); mv $i ${i:u}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Show all suid-files in $PATH:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -latg ${(s.:.)PATH} | grep ’^...s’
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>ZMV - multiple move with zsh</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Requires ’autoload zmv’. Some examples:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Move serially all files (foo.foo > 1.foo, fnord.foo
-> 2.foo, ..).</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls *
- 1.c asd.foo bla.foo fnord.foo foo.fnord foo.foo
- $ c=1 zmv ’*.foo’ ’$((c++)).foo’
- $ ls *
- 1.c 1.foo 2.foo 3.foo 4.foo foo.fnord
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>See above, but now only files with a filename >= 30
-chars.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ c=1 zmv "${(l:30-4::?:)}*.foo" ’$((c++)).foo’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Replace spaces in filenames with a underline.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv ’* *’ ’$f:gs/ /_’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Change the suffix from *.sh to *.pl.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv -W ’*.sh’ ’*.pl’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Lowercase/uppercase all files and directories.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv ’(*)’ ’${(L)1}’ for lowercase
- $ zmv ’(*)’ ’${(U)1}’ for uppercase
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Remove the suffix *.c from all c-files.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv ’(*).c’ ’$1’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Uppercase only the first letter of all *.mp3 - files.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv ’([a-z])(*).mp3’ ’${(C)1}$2.mp3’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Copy the target ‘README’ in same directory as
-each ‘Makefile’.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv -C ’(**/)Makefile’ ’${1}README’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename pic1.jpg, pic2.jpg,.. to pic0001.jpg,
-pic0002.jpg,...</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv ’pic(*).jpg’ ’pic${(l:4::0:)1}.jpg’
- $ zmv ’(**/)pic(*).jpg’ ’$1/pic${(l:4::0:)2}.jpg’ # recursive
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>MODULES</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>See also <i>man zshmodules</i>. Don’t forget to run
-<i>zmodload −i MODULENAME</i> before using a module.
-Example: <i>zmodload -i zsh/datetime</i>.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/cap</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Builtins for manipulating POSIX.1e (POSIX.6) capability
-(privilege) sets.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/clone</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>A builtin that can clone a running shell onto another
-terminal.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Creates a forked instance of the current shell ($! is set
-to zero) and execute ‘‘command’’ on
-/dev/tty8 (for this example):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmodload zsh/clone
- $ clone /dev/tty8 && (($! == 0)) && exec command
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/compctl</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>The <b>compctl</b> builtin for controlling
-completion.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/complete</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>The basic completion code.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/complist</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Completion listing extensions.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/computil</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>A module with utility builtins needed for the shell
-function based completion system.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/datetime</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Some date/time commands and parameters.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Do not have GNU date? Let’s replace it:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ alias datereplacement=’strftime "%Y-%m-%d" $EPOCHSECONDS’
- $ export DATE=‘datereplacement‘
- $ echo $DATE
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/deltochar</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>A ZLE function duplicating EMACS’
-<b>zap−to−char</b>.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/example</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>An example of how to write a module.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/files</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Some basic file manipulation commands as builtins.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre># search a directory for files containing a certain string then copy those files to another directory.
- $ IFS=$’ ’
- $ cp $(grep -lZr foobar .) otherdirectory
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/mapfile</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Access to external files via a special associative
-array.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre># grepping for two patterns
- $ pattern1="foo"
- $ pattern2="bar foo"
- $ print -l ./**/*(DN.e{’z=$mapfile[$REPLY] &&
- [[ $z = *$pattern1* && $z = *$pattern2* ]]’})
-# or a solution in combination with zsh/pcre
- $ zmodload -i zsh/mapfile zsh/pcre
- $ pattern1="foo"
- $ pattern2="bar foo"
- $ pcre_compile "(?s)(?=.*?$pattern1).*?$pattern2"
- $ pcre_study
- $ print -l ./**/*(DN.e{’pcre_match $mapfile[$REPLY]’})
-
-# equivalent for ‘‘less /etc/passwd | grep -v root’’
- $ IFS=$’0
- $ print -rl -- ${${=mapfile[/etc/passwd]}:#*root*}
-# or - for case insensitive
- $ setopt extendedglob
- $ print -rl -- ${${=mapfile[/etc/passwd]}:#*(#i)root*}
-
-# If a XML-file contains stuff like ‘‘<TAGA/>’’ and ‘‘<TAGB/>’’, number this empty tags
-# (ones ending in ’/>’) so if encountered in the same order, the preceeding tags would become
-# ‘‘<TAGA/>1</TAGA>’’ and ‘‘<TAGB/>2</TAGB>’’
- $ cnt=0
- $ apfile[data.xml.new]=${(S)mapfile[data.xml]// > (#im)<TAGA>*<TAGA>/<TAGA>$((++cnt))<TAGA>}
-
-# removing all files in users Maildir/new that contain ‘‘filename="gone.src’’
- $ zmodload zsh/{files,mapfile}
- $ rm -f /u1/??/*/Maildir/new/100*(.e{’[[ $mapfile[$REPLY] == *filename=
-
-# Grep out the Title from a postscript file and append that value to the end of
-# the filename
- $ autoload -U zmv
- $ zmv ’(*).ps’ ’$1-${${${mapfile[$f]##*%%Title: }%% *}//[^a-zA-Z0-9_]/}.ps’
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/mathfunc</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Standard scientific functions for use in mathematical
-evaluations.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre>$ echo $(( sin(1/4.0)**2 + cos(1/4.0)**2 - 1 ))
- -1.1102230246251565e-16
-$ echo $(( pi = 4.0 * atan(1.0) ))
- 3.1415926535897931
-$ echo $(( f = sin(0.3) ))
- 0.29552020666133955
-$ print $(( rand48(seed) ))
- 0.01043488334700271
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/parameter</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Access to internal hash tables via special associative
-arrays.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/pcre</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Interface to the PCRE library.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Important: requires zsh compiled with pcre-support. Check
-whether your version supports pcre via ‘ldd =zsh |
-grep pcre‘. PCRE provides support for Perl’s
-regular expressions (regex). You have to compile a regex and
-can match it afterwards using error codes:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmodload zsh/pcre
- $ pcre_compile ’\s\d.\d{3}.\d{3} Euro’ &&\
- pcre_match ’ 1.000.000 Euro’ &&\
- echo "matches" || echo "does not match"
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Note: if you are using complex regular expressions you
-can improve speed via pcre_study.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/sched</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>A builtin that provides a timed execution facility within
-the shell.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/net/socket</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Manipulation of Unix domain sockets $ zmodload
-zsh/net/socket $ zsocket -l -d 3 #
-‘‘-l’’: open a socket listening on
-filename # ‘‘-d’’: argument will be
-taken as the target file descriptor for the # connection #
-‘‘3’’ : file descriptor. See
-‘‘A User’s Guide to the
-Z-Shell’’ # (3.7.2: File descriptors) $ zsocket
--a -d 4 3 # ‘‘-a’’: accept an
-incoming connection to the socket $ zsocket -a -d 5 3 #
-accept a connection $ echo foobar >&4 $ echo barfoo
->&5 $ 4>&- 5>&- 3>&-</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>In one shell:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmodload zsh/net/socket
- $ zsocket -l -d 3 /tmp/mysocket # open listening socket
- $ zsocket -a -d 4 3 # accept a connection
- $ zsocket -a -d 5 3 # accept a connection
- $ echo Hi there >&4
- $ echo Hi there also >&5
- $ exec 4>&- 5>&- 3>&-
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>In another shell:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmodload zsh/net/socket
- $ zsocket -d 3 /tmp/mysocket # connect to /tmp/socket
- $ zsocket -d 4 /tmp/mysocket # connect to /tmp/socket
- $ read msg <&3; echo got: "$msg on fd 3"
- $ read msg <&4; echo got: "$msg on fd 4"
- $ exec 3>&- 4>&-
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/stat</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>A builtin command interface to the <b>stat</b> system
-call.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Get size of a file in bytes:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmodload -i zsh/stat
- $ stat -L +size file
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Equal to GNU’s:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ stat -c %s file
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Comparing file dates:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ file1=foo
- $ file2=bar
- $ touch bar & sleep 5 & touch foo
- $ echo $file1 is $(( $(stat +mtime $file2) - $(stat +mtime $file1) )) seconds older than $file2.
- bar is 5 seconds older than foo
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List the files of a disk smaller than some other
-file:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ stat -A max +size some-other-file
- $ print -rl ./**/*(D.L-$max)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List the top 100 biggest files in a disk:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -fld ./**/*(d‘stat +device .‘OL[1,100])
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Get only the user name and the file names from (like ls
--l * | awk ’{print $3" " $8}’):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for file; do
- > stat -sA user +uid -- "$file" &&
- > print -r -- "$user" "$file"
- > done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Get the difference between actual bytes of file and
-allocated bytes of file:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print $(($(stat +block -- file) * 512 - $(stat +size -- file)))
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Find largest file:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ stat +size ./*(DOL[1])
- # ‘‘D’’ : to include dot files (d lowercase is for device)
- # ‘‘O’’ : reverse Ordered (o lowercase for non-reverse order)
- # ‘‘L’’ : by file Length (l is for number of links)
- # ‘‘[1]’’: return only first one
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Delete files in a directory that hasn’t been
-accessed in the last ten days and send ONE mail to the owner
-of the files informing him/her of the files’
-deletion:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmodload zsh/stat zsh/files
- $ typeset -A f; f=()
- $ rm -f /path/**/*(.a+10e{’stat -sA u +uidr $REPLY; f[$u]="$f[$u]$REPLY"’})
- $ for user (${(k)f}) {print -rn $f[$user]|mailx -s "..." $user}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Get a "ls -l" on all the files in the tree that
-are younger than a specified age:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for d (. ./**/*(N/m-2))
- > print -r -- $’0$d: && cd $d && {
- > for f (*(Nm-2om))
- > stat -F ’%b %d %H:%M’ -LsAs -- $f &&
- > print -r -- $s[3] ${(l:4:)s[4]} ${(l:8:)s[5]} \
- > ${(l:8:)s[6]} ${(l:8:)s[8]} $s[10] $f ${s[14]:+-> $s[14]}
- > cd ~-
- > }
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Get file creation date:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ stat -F ’%d %m %Y’ +mtime ~/.zshrc
- 30 06 2004
- $ stat -F ’%D’ +mtime ~/.zshrc
- 06/30/04
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/system</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>A builtin interface to various low−level system
-features.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/net/tcp</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Manipulation of TCP sockets</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/termcap</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Interface to the termcap database.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmodload -ab zsh/termcap echotc
- $ GREEN=‘echotc AF 2‘
- $ YELLOW=‘echotc AF 3‘
- $ RED=‘echotc AF 1‘
- $ BRIGHTRED=‘echotc md ; echotc AF 1‘
- $ print -l ${GREEN}green ${YELLOW}yellow ${RED}red ${BRIGHTRED}brightred
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/terminfo</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Interface to the terminfo database.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/zftp</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>A builtin FTP client.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Write ftp scripts as though shell:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ init
- $ autoload -U zfinit && zfinit
- $ zfparams www.example.invalid myuserid mypassword
- $ zfopen
- $ zfcd tips
- $ zfls -l zsh-lovers.html
- $ zfput zsh-lovers.html
- $ zfls -l zsh-lovers.html
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Automatically transfer files using FTP with error
-checking:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zftp open host.name.invalid user passwd || exit
- $ zftp get /remote/file > /local/file; r=$?
- $ zftp close && exit r
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Compress and ftp on the fly:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zftp open host.name.invalid user password
- $ zftp get $file | bzip2 > ${file}.bz2
- $ zftp close
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Long list of files on a ftp:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ autoload -U zfinit
- $ zfinit
- $ zfopen some-host
- $ zfcd /some/remote/Dir
- $ cd /some/local/Dir
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>If the list.txt is located on the remote host, change to
-$ zfget ${(f)"$(zftp get
-/path/to/remote/list.txt)"} $ zfget ${(f)"$(cat
-list.txt)"} $ zfclose</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/zle</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>The Zsh Line Editor, including the <b>bindkey</b> and
-<b>vared</b> builtins.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/zleparameter</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Access to internals of the Zsh Line Editor via
-parameters.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/zprof</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>A module allowing profiling for shell functions.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/zpty</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>A builtin for starting a command in a
-pseudo−terminal.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmodload -i zsh/zpty
- $ zpty PW passwd $1
- # ‘‘-r’’: read the output of the command name.
- # ‘‘z’’ : Parameter
- $ zpty -r PW z ’*password:’
- # send the to command name the given strings as input
- $ zpty -w PW $2
- $ zpty -r PW z ’*password:’
- $ zpty -w PW $2
- # | The second form, with the -d option, is used to delete commands
- # | previously started, by supplying a list of their names. If no names
- # | are given, all commands are deleted. Deleting a command causes the HUP
- # | signal to be sent to the corresponding process.
- $ zpty -d PW
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/zselect</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Block and return when file descriptors are ready.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre># It’s simular to
- ,----
- | $ sg=$(stty -g)
- | $ stty -icanon min 0 time 50
- | $ read yesno
- | $ stty "$sg"
- | $ case "$yesno" in
- | > yes) command1;;
- | > *) command2;;
- | > esac
- ‘----
-$ if zselect -t 500 -r 0 && read yesno && [ yes = "$yesno" ]; then
-> command1
-> else
-> command1
-> fi
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>zsh/zutil</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>Some utility builtins, e.g. the one for supporting
-configuration via styles.</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>SUBSTITUTION</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Path substitution:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -l =zsh # is like: ’ls -l /path/to/zsh’ or ’ls -l ‘which zsh‘’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Process substitution:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ (vi =(cmd)) # edit output of ’cmd’ (called process substitution).
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Substitution of variables:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ var1=42
- $ tmp=var1
- $ echo $((tmp))
- 42
- $
-
-$ var=foo
- $ tmp=var
- $ echo ${(P)tmp}
- foo
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>ALIASES</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Suffix aliases are supported in zsh since version 4.2.0.
-Some examples:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> alias -s tex=vim
- alias -s html=w3m
- alias -s org=w3m
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="20%"></td>
-<td width="79%">
-<p>Now pressing return-key after entering
-’foobar.vim’ starts vim with foobar.vim. Calling
-a html-file runs browser w3m. ’www.zsh.org’ and
-pressing enter starts w3m with argument
-www.zsh.org.</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Global aliases can be used anywhere in the command line.
-Example:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ alias -g C=’| wc -l’
- $ grep alias ~/.zsh/* C
- 443
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Some more or less useful global aliases (choose whether
-they are useful or not for you on your own):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> alias -g ...=’../..’
- alias -g ....=’../../..’
- alias -g .....=’../../../..’
- alias -g CA="2>&1 | cat -A"
- alias -g C=’| wc -l’
- alias -g D="DISPLAY=:0.0"
- alias -g DN=/dev/null
- alias -g ED="export DISPLAY=:0.0"
- alias -g EG=’|& egrep’
- alias -g EH=’|& head’
- alias -g EL=’|& less’
- alias -g ELS=’|& less -S’
- alias -g ETL=’|& tail -20’
- alias -g ET=’|& tail’
- alias -g F=’ | fmt -’
- alias -g G=’| egrep’
- alias -g H=’| head’
- alias -g HL=’|& head -20’
- alias -g §k="*~(*.bz2|*.gz|*.tgz|*.zip|*.z)"
- alias -g LL="2>&1 | less"
- alias -g L="| less"
- alias -g LS=’| less -S’
- alias -g MM=’| most’
- alias -g M=’| more’
- alias -g NE="2> /dev/null"
- alias -g NS=’| sort -n’
- alias -g NUL="> /dev/null 2>&1"
- alias -g PIPE=’|’
- alias -g R=’ > /c/aaa/tee.txt ’
- alias -g RNS=’| sort -nr’
- alias -g S=’| sort’
- alias -g TL=’| tail -20’
- alias -g T=’| tail’
- alias -g US=’| sort -u’
- alias -g VM=/var/log/messages
- alias -g X0G=’| xargs -0 egrep’
- alias -g X0=’| xargs -0’
- alias -g XG=’| xargs egrep’
- alias -g X=’| xargs’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Array parameters [array_name=(value1 value2 ...
-valueN)].</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ stupid=emacs
- $ echo $stupid[3]
- a
- $
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>SHELL-SCRIPTING</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>This section provides some examples for often needed
-shellscript-stuff. Notice that you should not use otherwise
-most examples won’t work.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Parse options in shellscripts. Example taken from ZWS by
-Adam Chodorowski
-(http://www.chodorowski.com/projects/zws/):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre>parse_options()
-{
- o_port=(-p 9999)
- o_root=(-r WWW)
- o_log=(-d ZWS.log)
-
- zparseopts -K -- p:=o_port r:=o_root h=o_help
- if [[ $? != 0 || "$o_help" != "" ]]; then
- echo Usage: $(basename "$0") "[-p PORT] [-r DIRECTORY]"
- exit 1
- fi
-
- port=$o_port[2]
- root=$o_root[2]
- log=$o_log[2]
-
- if [[ $root[1] != ’/’ ]]; then root="$PWD/$root"; fi
-}
-# now use the function:
-parse_options $*
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>MISC−EXAMPLES</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Hint: A list of valid glob Qualifiers can be found in
-zshexpn(1). See ‘‘man 1 zshexpn | less
--p’’ Qualifiers for details.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Load all available modules at startup</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ typeset -U m
- $ m=()
- $ for md ($module_path) m=($m $md/**/*(*e:’REPLY=${REPLY#$md/}’::r))
- $ zmodload -i $m
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename all MP3-Files from ‘‘name with
-spaces.mp3’’ to ‘‘Name With
-Spaces.mp3’’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in *.mp3; do
- > mv $i ${${(C)i}:s/Mp3/mp3/}
- > done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Download with LaTeX2HTML created Files (for example the
-ZSH−Guide):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for f in http://zsh.sunsite.dk/Guide/zshguide{,{01..08}}.html; do
- > lynx -source $f >${f:t}
- > done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Replace the unreadable Escape-Sequences:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ autoload colors ; colors
- $ print "$bg[cyan]$fg[blue]You are an zsh user" >> /dev/pts/3
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Filename−Expansion. <b>Note:</b> (N) activates
-setopt nullglob only for this loop.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in *.o(N); do
- > rm $i
- > done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Re-linking broken links:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for f in ./**/*(-@); do
- > stat +link -A l $f
- > (cd $f:h & [[ -e $l.gz ]]) & ln -sf $l.gz $f
- > done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Show me all the .c files for which there doesn’t
-exist a .o file:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ c=(*.c) o=(*.o(N)) eval ’ls ${${c:#(${~${(j:|:)${o:r}}}).c}:?done}’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Load all available modules at startup:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ typeset -U m
- $ m=()
- $ for md ($module_path) m=($m $md/**/*(*e:’REPLY=${REPLY#$md/}’::r))
- $ zmodload -i $m
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename all files within a directory such that their names
-get a numeral prefix in the default sort order:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ i=1; for j in *; do mv $j $i.$j; ((i++)); done
- $ i=1; for f in *; do mv $f $(echo $i| awk ’{ printf("%03d", $0)}’).$f; ((i++)); done
- $ integer i=0; for f in *; do mv $f $[i+=1].$f; done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Find (and print) all symbolic links without a target
-within the current dirtree:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ $ file **/*(D@) | fgrep broken
- $ for i in **/*(D@); [[ -f $i || -d $i ]] || echo $i
- $ echo **/*(@-^./=%p)
- $ print -l **/*(-@)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List all plain files that do not have extensions listed
-in ‘fignore’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls **/*~*(${~${(j/|/)fignore}})(.)
- # see above, but now omit executables
- $ ls **/*~*(${~${(j/|/)fignore}})(.^*)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Print out files that dont have extensions (require setopt
-extendedglob dotglob):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ printf ’%s0 ^?*.*
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List files in reverse order sorted by name:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print -rl -- *(On)
- or
- $ print -rl -- *(^on)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Synonymic to ‘‘ps ax | awk ’{print
-$1}’’’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print -l /proc/*/cwd(:h:t:s/self//)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Get the PID of a process (without
-‘‘ps’’,
-‘‘sed’’,
-‘‘pgrep’’, .. (under Linux):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ pid2 () {
- > local i
- > for i in /proc/<->/stat
- > do
- > [[ "$(< $i)" = *\((${(j:|:)~@})\)* ]] && echo $i:h:t
- > done
- > }
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>for X in ’n’ ’o’ ’p’
-’q’ ’r’ ’s’
-’t’ ’u’ ’v’
-’w’ ’x’ ’y’; do ...:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for (( i = 36#n; i <= 36#y; i++ )); do
- > print ${$(([##36]i)):l}
- > done
-# or in combination with ‘‘dc’’
- $ print {$((##n))..$((##y))}P 10P | dc
-# or with ‘‘eval’’
- $ eval print ’${$(([##36]’{$((36#n))..$((36#y))}’)):l}’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Foreach in one line of shell:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for f (*) print -r -- $f
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Copy a directory recursively without data/files:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ dirs=(**/*(/))
- $ cd -- $dest_root
- $ mkdir -p -- $dirs
-# or without zsh
- $ find . -type d -exec env d="$dest_root" sh -c ’ exec mkdir -p -- "$d/$1"’ ’{}’ ’{}’ ;
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>If ‘foo=23’’, then print with 10 digit
-with leading ’0’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ foo=23
- $ print ${(r:10::0:)foo}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Find the name of all the files in their home directory
-that have more than 20 characters in their file names:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> print -rl $HOME/${(l:20::?:)~:-}*
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Save arrays:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print -r -- ${(qq)m} > $nameoffile # save it
- $ eval "m=($(cat -- $nameoffile)" # or use
- $ m=("${(@Q)${(z)"$(cat -- $nameoffile)"}}") # to restore it
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Get a "ls -l" on all the files in the tree that
-are younger than a specified age (e.g "ls -l" all
-the files in the tree that where modified in the last 2
-days):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -tld **/*(m-2)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>This will give you a listing 1 file perl line (not
-à la ls -R). Think of an easy way to have a "ls
--R" style output with only files newer than 2 day
-old.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for d (. ./**/*(/)) {
- > print -r -- $’0${d}:
- > cd $d && {
- > l=(*(Nm-2))
- > (($#l)) && ls -ltd -- $l
- > cd ~-
- > }
- > }
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>If you also want directories to be included even if their
-mtime is more than 2 days old:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for d (. ./**/*(/)) {
- > print -r -- $’0${d}:
- > cd $d && {
- > l=(*(N/,m-2))
- > (($#l)) && ls -ltd -- $l
- > cd ~-
- > }
- > }
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>And if you want only the directories with mtime < 2
-days to be listed:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for d (. ./**/*(N/m-2)) {
- > print -r -- $’0${d}:
- > cd $d && {
- > l=(*(Nm-2))
- > (($#l)) && ls -ltd -- $l
- > cd ~-
- > }
- > }
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Print 42 ‘‘-’’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ echo ${(l:42::-:)}
-# or use ‘‘$COLUMS’’
- $ echo ${(l:$COLUMNS::-:)}
-# and now with colors (require autoload colors ;colors)
- $ echo "$bg[red]$fg[black]${(l:42::-:)}"
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Redirect STDERR to a command like xless without
-redirecting STDOUT as well:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ foo 2>>(xless)
-# but this executes the command asynchronously. To do it synchronously:
- $ { { foo 1>&3 } 2>&1 | xless } 3>&1
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename all MP3-Files from name with spaces.mp3 to Name
-With Spaces.mp3:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in *.mp3; do
- > mv $i ${${(C)i}:s/Mp3/mp3/}
- > done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Match file names containing only digits and ending with
-.xml (requiresetopt kshglob):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -l [0-9]##.xml
- $ ls -l <0->.xml
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Remove all "non txt" files:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ rm ./^*.txt
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Move 200 files from a directory into another:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ mv -- *([1,200]) /another/Dir
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Convert images (foo.gif => foo.png):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in **/*.gif; convert $i $i:r.png
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Convert a collection of mp3 files to wave or cdr (e.g.
-file.wav -> file.mp3):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i (./*.mp3){mpg321 --w - $i > ${i:r}.wav}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Download with LaTeX2HTML created Files (for example the
-ZSH-Guide):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for f in http://zsh.sunsite.dk/Guide/zshguide{,{01..08}}.html; do
- > lynx -source $f >${f:t}
- > done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Move all files in dir1 and dir2 that have line counts
-greater than 10 to another directory say
-"/more10":</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ mv dir[12]/**/*.cr(-.e{’((‘wc -l < $REPLY‘ > 10))’}) /more10
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Make with dpkg a master-list of everyfile that it has
-installed:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ diff <(find / | sort) <(cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/*.list | sort)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Replace the unreadable Escape-Sequences:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ autoload colors ; colors
- $ print "$bg[cyan]$fg[blue]You are an zsh user" >> /dev/pts/3
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Get ASCII value of a character:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ char=N ; print $((#char))
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Filename suffix: Note: The (N) says to use the nullglob
-option for this particular glob pattern.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in *.o(N); do
- > rm $i
- > done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename files; i. e. FOO to foo and bar to BAR:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in *(.); mv $i ${i:l} # ‘FOO’ to ‘foo’
- $ for i in *(.); mv $i ${i:u} # ‘bar to ‘BAR’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Show all suid-files in $PATH:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -latg ${(s.:.)PATH} | grep ’^...s’
-# or more complex ;)
- $ print -l ${^path}/*(Ns,S)
-# or show only executables with a user given pattern
- $ print -l ${^path}/*vim*(*N)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>gzip files when containing a certain string:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ gzip ${(ps: :)"$(grep -lZ foobar ./*.txt(.))"}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>A small one-liner, that reads from stdin and prints to
-stdout the first unique line i. e. does not print lines that
-have been printed before (this is similar to the unique
-command, but unique can only handle adjacent lines):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ IFS=$’0; print -rl -- ${(Oau)${(Oa)$(cat file;echo .)[1,-2]}}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Lists every executable in PATH:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print -l ${^path}/*(-*N)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Match all .c files in all subdirectories, _except_ any
-SCCS subdirectories?</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls **/*.c~(*/)#SCCS/*
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List all ‘README’ - files case-insensitive
-with max. one typo:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls **/*(#ia2)readme
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Print version information of zsh:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print $ZSH_VERSION
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Get hostspecific information:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ echo $MACHTYPE $VENDOR $OSTYPE
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Fast change of directories:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> alias ...=’cd ../..’
- alias ....=’cd ../../..’
- alias .....=’cd ../../../..’
- alias ......=’cd ../../../../..’
- alias .......=’cd ../../../../../..’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Mailpath: simple multiple mailpath:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> mailpath=($HOME/Mail/mbox’?new mail in mbox’
- $HOME/Mail/tux.u-strasbg’?new mail in tux’
- $HOME/Mail/lilo’?new mail in lilo’
- $HOME/Mail/ldap-fr’?new mail in ldap-fr’)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Mailpath: dynamic mailpath:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> typeset -a mailpath
- for i in ~/Mail/Lists/*(.); do
- mailpath[$#mailpath+1]="${i}?You have new mail in ${i:t}."
- done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Avoid globbing on special commands:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre>for com in alias expr find mattrib mcopy mdir mdel which;
-alias $com="noglob $com"
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>For migrating your bashprompt to zsh use the script
-bash2zshprompt located in the zsh source distribution under
-’Misc’.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>For migration from (t)csh to zsh use the c2z tool that
-converts csh aliases and environment and shell variables to
-zsh. It does this by running csh, and having csh report on
-aliases and variables. The script then converts these to zsh
-startup files. It has some issues and usage information that
-are documented at the top of this script.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Here are functions to set the title and hardstatus of an
-<b>XTerm</b> or of <b>GNU Screen</b> to ’zsh’
-and the current directory, respectively, when the prompt is
-displayed, and to the command name and rest of the command
-line, respectively, when a command is executed:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> function title {
- if [[ $TERM == "screen" ]]; then
- # Use these two for GNU Screen:
- print -nR $’ 33k’$1$’ 33’\
- print -nR $’ 33]0;’$2$’’
- elif [[ $TERM == "xterm" || $TERM == "rxvt" ]]; then
- # Use this one instead for XTerms:
- print -nR $’ 33]0;’$*$’’
- fi
- }
-
- function precmd {
- title zsh "$PWD"
- }
-
- function preexec {
- emulate -L zsh
- local -a cmd; cmd=(${(z)1})
- title $cmd[1]:t "$cmd[2,-1]"
- }
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Put the following line into your ~/.screenrc to see this
-fancy hardstatus:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> caption always "%3n %t%? (%u)%?%?: %h%?"
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Special variables which are assigned or you can
-assign:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ echo $LINENO $RANDOM $SECONDS $COLUMNS $HISTCHARS
- $ echo $UID $EUID $GID $EGID $USERNAME
- $ echo $fignore $mailpath $cdpath
-
-Show me all the .c files for which there doesn’t exist a .o file:
- $ c=(*.c) o=(*.o(N)) eval ’ls ${${c:#(${~${(j:|:)${o:r}}}).c}:?done}’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Find (and print) all symbolic links without a target
-within the current dirtree:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ file **/*(D@) | fgrep broken
- $ for i in **/*(D@); [[ −f $i || −d $i ]] || echo $i
- $ echo **/*(@−^./=%p)
- $ print −l **/*(−@)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename files; i. e. FOO to foo and bar to BAR:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for i in *(.); mv $i ${i:l} # ‘FOO’ to ‘foo’
- $ for i in *(.); mv $i ${i:u} # ‘bar to ‘BAR’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Show all suid-files in $PATH:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls −latg ${(s.:.)PATH} | grep ’^...s’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List all ‘README’ - files case-insensitive
-with max. one typo:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls **/*(#ia2)readme
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>(RECURSIVE) GLOBBING−EXAMPLES</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Search for ‘README’ in all Subdirectories</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ print −l **/README
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Recursive ‘‘chmod’’</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ chmod 700 **/(.) # Only files
- $ chmod 700 **/(/) # Only directories
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List files beginning at ‘foo23’ upwards
-(foo23, foo24, foo25, ..)</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -l foo<23−>
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Remove spaces from filenames</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ for a in ./**/*\ *(Dod); do mv $a ${a:h}/${a:t:gs/ /_}; done
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Show only all *.c and *.h - Files</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -l *.(c|h)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Show <b>only</b> all *.c - files and ignore
-‘foo.c’</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls *.c~foo.c
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Show only world-readable files</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -l *(R)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>find and delete the files which are older than a given
-parameter (seconds/minutes/hours)</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> # deletes all regular file in /Dir that are older than 3 hours
- $ rm -f /Dir/**/*(.mh+3)
- # # deletes all symlinks in /Dir that are older than 3 minutes
- $ rm -f /Dir/**/*(@mm+3)
- # deletes all non dirs in /Dir that are older than 30 seconds
- $ rm -f /Dir/**/*(ms+30^/)
- # deletes all files more than 6 hours old
- $ rm -f **/*(mh+6)
- # deletes all folders, sub-folders and files older than one hour
- $ rm ./**/*(.Dmh+1,.DL0)
- # removes all files but the ten newer ones (delete all but last 10 files in a directory)
- $ rm ./*(Om[1,-11])
-
-Note: If you get a arg list too long, you use the builtin rm. For example:
- $ zmodload zsh/files ; rm -f **/*(mh+6)
- or use the zargs function:
- $ autoload zargs ; zargs **/*(mh+6) -- rm -f
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p><b>Explanation:</b></p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> ./: to avoid problem with files starting with "−"
- **/: recursively descend
- *.: any file
-(...): qualifiers:
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- TABS -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="7%">
-
-<p>(<a>,<b>): files of <a> type or
-<b> type</p>
-</td>
-<td width="80%">
-</td>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="7%">
-
-<p><a>:</p>
-</td>
-<td width="80%">
-</td>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="7%">
-
-<p>.: regular files</p>
-</td>
-<td width="80%">
-</td>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="7%">
-
-<p>D: including dot files</p>
-</td>
-<td width="80%">
-</td>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="7%">
-
-<p>mh+1: whose [m]odification time, is more (+) than
-[1]</p>
-</td>
-<td width="80%">
-</td>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="7%">
-
-<p>[h]our in the past.</p>
-</td>
-<td width="80%">
-</td>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="7%">
-
-<p><b>:</p>
-</td>
-<td width="80%">
-</td>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="7%">
-
-<p>.: regular files</p>
-</td>
-<td width="80%">
-</td>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="7%">
-
-<p>D: including dot files</p>
-</td>
-<td width="80%">
-</td>
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="7%">
-
-<p>L0: of 0 [L]ength.</p>
-</td>
-<td width="80%">
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>If you want to remove empty directories afterwards:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> # ‘‘/’’ matches only directories and ‘‘od’’ sorted in depth order (so
- # that dir/subdir is removed before directory).
- $ rmdir ./**/*(/od) 2> /dev/null
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p><b>Note:</b> If you get a arg list too long, you use the
-builtin rm. For example:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmodload zsh/files ; rm -f **/*(mh+6)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>or use the zargs function:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ autoload zargs ; zargs **/*(mh+6) -- rm -f
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Delete only the oldest file in a directory:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ rm ./*filename*(Om[1])
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Sort the output from ‘ls −l’ by file
-size:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -fld *(OL)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Find most recent file in a directory:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ setopt dotglob ; print directory/**/*(om[1])
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List the top 100 biggest files in a disk</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmodload −i zsh/stat ; ls −fld ./**/*(d‘stat +device .‘OL[1,100])
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls *(L0f.go-w.)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Find all files without a valid owner:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ chmod someuser /**/*(D^u:${(j.:u:.)${(f)"$(</etc/passwd)"}%%:*}:)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Show only files are owned from group
-‘users’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -l *(G[users])
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>ZMV−EXAMPLES</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p><b>Note:</b> ‘‘autoload zmv’’
-needed! See ‘‘man zshcontrib | less -p
-zmv’’ for more details.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Serially all files (foo.foo > 1.foo, fnord.foo >
-2.foo, ..):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls *
- 1.c asd.foo bla.foo fnord.foo foo.fnord foo.foo
- $ c=1 zmv ’*.foo’ ’$((c++)).foo’
- $ ls *
- 1.c 1.foo 2.foo 3.foo 4.foo foo.fnord
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>See above, but now only files with a filename >= 30
-chars:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ c=1 zmv "${(l:30-4::?:)}*.foo" ’$((c++)).foo’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Replace spaces in filenames with a underline:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv ’* *’ ’$f:gs/ /_’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Change the suffix from *.sh to *.pl:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv -W ’*.sh’ ’*.pl’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>lowercase/uppercase all files/directories:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> # lowercase
- $ zmv ’(*)’ ’${(L)1}’
- # uppercase
- zmv ’(*)’ ’${(U)1}’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Remove the suffix *.c from all C-Files:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv ’(*).c’ ’$1’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Uppercase only the first letter of all *.mp3 - files:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv ’([a-z])(*).mp3’ ’${(C)1}$2.mp3’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Copy the target ‘README’ in same directory as
-each ‘Makefile’:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zmv -C ’(**/)Makefile’ ’${1}README’
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Removing single quote from filenames (recursive):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre>$ zmv -Q "(**/)(*’*)(D)" "\$1\${2//’/}"
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Replace spaces with underscores in filenames
-(recursive):</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre>$ zmv -Q "(**/)(* *)(D)" "\$1\${2// /_}"
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Rename pic1.jpg, pic2.jpg, .. to pic0001.jpg,
-pic0002.jpg, ..:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> # Not recursively
- $ zmv ’pic(*).jpg’ ’pic${(l:4::0:)1}.jpg’
- # Recursively
- $ zmv ’(**/)pic(*).jpg’ ’$1/pic${(l:4::0:)2}.jpg’
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="4%"></td>
-<td width="95%">
-<p><b>TIPS BY ZZAPPER
-(http://www.rayninfo.co.uk/tips/zshtips.html)</b></p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<pre> !! # last command
- !$ # last argument
- !$:h (last argument, strip one level)
- !?echo
- vi !* (all parameters)
- vi !$ (last parameters)
- !42
- history
- ^fred^joe # edit previous command replace fred by joe
- !42:p
- also use control-R
-
-cmdy !?cmd1?:*<TAB> #get parameters of a previous command
-
-!:0 is the previous command name
- !^, !:2, !:3, ?, !$ are the arguments
- !* is all the arguments
- !-2, !-3, ? are earlier commands
- !-2^, !-2:2, !-2$, !-2*
-
-cd !$:h (remove file name)
- cat !!:t (only file name)
- print ${param:&} (last substitute)
-
-# globbing modifiers
- # :r removes the suffix from the result,
- # :t takes away the directory part
- # . means must be regular files not directories etc
- # *(om[1]) picks most recently modified file
- # (.N) no warning message if any file absent
- print *(om[1]) # print the most recent file
- print *(.om[1]) # print the most recent file (not directory)
- ls -l *(Om[1]) # oldest file
- print *(om[1,5]) # print the 5 most recent files
- vi *(.om[1]^D) # vi newest file ^D means switch off GLOB_DOTS
- ls -l *(m4) # list files modified exactly 4 days ago
- ls -ltd *(mw3) # list files 3 weeks old
- echo *(m-1) # files modified today
- echo *(m0) # files modified today
- rm *.{aux,dvi,log,toc}(.N) # rm latex temp files N means no error msg is any file absent
-
-print *(n:t) # order by name strip directory
- print **/*(On:t) # recursive reverse order by name, strip directory
- print *.c(:r) # strip suffix
- ls **/*(.) # only files no directories
- -ld *(/) # list only directories
- FOO = (#i)foo ]] # case insensitive matching
- #oddities
- fred=$((6**2 + 6)) # can do maths
- print ${#path} # length of "path" array
- print ${#path[1]} # length of first element in path array
- ls fred{joe,sid}.pl
- ls fred{09..13}.pl
-
-# arrays
- array=(~/.zshenv ~/.zshrc ~/.zlogout)
- % print ${array:t}
- .zshenv .zshrc .zlogout
-
-x="bu&^*ck" # variable with mucky characters
- print ${x//[^[:alnum:]]/_} # replace all non-alphanumerics with _
-
-cp file ~1 # where 1 is first entry in pushd stack
- #zsh completion
- startfilename<tab> # will complete matching files anywhere in $PATH
- startfilename<C-D> # will list matching files anywhere in $PATH
- #directory sizes
- du -sk *(/)
-
-ls * | grep foo | less
- #to
- ls * G foo L
- #
-
-#magic equals
- vim =some_file # edits file anywhere in $PATH
- ls =some_file # lists file anywhere in $PATH
- #magic ** (recursion)
- vim **/some_file # edits file under under current dir
- # modifying more than one file (multios)
- # writes ls results to file1 & file2 appends to filec
- ls > file1 > file2 >> file3 | wc
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Find file containing string ’printf’ in
-/usr/include.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ zargs /usr/include/**/*.h −− grep printf /dev/null
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>A solution without zsh could look like:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ find /usr/include -name \*.h −exec grep printf /dev/null {} ;
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Create a directory structure based on an existing
-one.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ dirs=(**/*(/))
- $ cd −− $dest_root
- $ mkdir −p −− $dirs
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>A solution without zsh could look like:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ src=/usr/local
- $ dst=/opt
- $ cd "$src"
- $ find . -type d | cpio -pdmv "$dst"
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Uncompress file and read it</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre>less <(gzip -cd foo.gz)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>A solution without zsh could look like:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ gzip -cd foo.gz && less foo
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Print two files and sort them</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ sort <f{oo,ubar}
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>A solution without zsh could look like:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ cat foo fubar | sort
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Find files up from current directory and change
-permissions to ’700’.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ chmod 700 **/*(.)
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>A solution without zsh could look like:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ find . −type f −exec chmod 700 {} \;
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>List details of the executable ’foobar’.</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -l =foobar
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>A solution without zsh could look like:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> $ ls -l ‘which foobar‘
-</pre>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Small examples</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre>´cd old new’ replaces ’old’ with ’new’ in directory-names.
-´which -a cmd’ lists all occurences of ’cmd’ in $PATH.
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<a name="OPTIONS"></a>
-<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Navigation options</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>auto_cd (allow one to change to a directory by entering
-it as a command). auto_pushd (automatically append dirs to
-the push/pop list) pushd_ignore_dups (and don’t
-duplicate them)</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- TABS -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="3" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="11%"></td>
-<td width="5%">
-
-<p>Misc</p>
-</td>
-<td width="82%">
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>no_hup (don’t send HUP signal to background jobs
-when exiting ZSH) print_exit_value (show a message with the
-exit code when a command returns with a non-zero exit
-code)</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>History options</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>hist_verify (let the user edit the command line after
-history expansion (e.g. !ls) instead of immediately running
-it)</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>Use the same history file for all sessions :</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre> setopt SHARE_HISTORY
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Privacy / Security</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>no_clobber (or set -C; prevent ’>’
-redirection from truncating the given file if it already
-exists)</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Spelling correction</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>correct (automatically correct the spelling of commands)
-correct_all (automatically correct the spelling of each word
-on the command line) dvorak (dvorak layout)</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<a name="LINKS"></a>
-<h2>LINKS</h2>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>The Z shell Homepage</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p><b>http://www.zsh.org/</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>The Z shell FAQ</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p><b>http://zsh.sunsite.dk/FAQ/</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>The Z shell wiki</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p><b>http://www.zshwiki.org/</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Mailinglistarchive</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p><b>http://www.zsh.org/mla/</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>The Z shell reference-card (included in the
-zsh-lovers</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p>debian-package)
-<b>http://zsh.sunsite.dk/Refcard/refcard.ps.gz</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Adam Spier’s UNIX shells page</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p><b>http://adamspiers.org/computing/shells/</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>The Single UNIX (R) Specification, Version 2 - Shell
-Command Language Index</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-
-<p><b>http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xcu/shellix.html</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Zzappers Best of ZSH Tips</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p><b>http://www.rayninfo.co.uk/tips/zshtips.html</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>The ZSH area on dotfiles.com</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p><b>http://www.dotfiles.com/index.php3?app_id=4</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Zsh Webpage by Christian Schneider</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p><b>http://strcat.neessen.net/zsh/</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>The zsh-lovers webpage</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p><b>http://grml.org/zsh/</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>IRC channel</p></td>
-</table>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="21%"></td>
-<td width="77%">
-<p><b>#zsh at irc.freenode.org</b></p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<a name="AUTHORS"></a>
-<h2>AUTHORS</h2>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>This manpage was written by Michael Prokop, Christian
-´strcat’ Schneider and Matthias Kopfermann. But
-many ideas have been taken from zsh-geeks e.g. from the
-zsh-mailinglists (zsh-users and zsh-workers), google,
-newsgroups and the zsh-Wiki. Thanks for your cool and
-incredible tips. We learned much from you!</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<p>In alphabetic order:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre>Andrew ’zefram’ Main - http://www.fysh.org/~zefram/
-Barton E. Schaefer - http://www.well.com/user/barts/
-Matthias Kopfermann - http://www.infodrom.north.de/~matthi/
-Oliver Kiddle - http://people.freenet.de/opk/
-Paul Falstad - http://www.falstad.com/
-Peter Stephenson - http://python.swan.ac.uk/~pypeters/
-Richard Coleman
-Stéphane Chazelas - http://stephane.chazelas.free.fr/
-Sven Guckes - http://www.guckes.net/
-Sven Wischnowsky - http://w9y.de/zsh/zshrc
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
-<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Manpages of zsh:</p>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<pre>zsh Zsh overview (this section)
-zshmisc Anything not fitting into the other sections
-zshexpn Zsh command and parameter expansion
-zshparam Zsh parameters
-zshoptions Zsh options
-zshbuiltins Zsh built-in functions
-zshzle Zsh command line editing
-zshcompwid Zsh completion widgets
-zshcompsys Zsh completion system
-zshcompctl Zsh completion control
-zshmodules Zsh loadable modules
-zshzftpsys Zsh built-in FTP client
-zshall Meta-man page containing all of the above
-
-Note: especially ’man zshcontrib’ covers very useful topics!
-
-Book:
-From Bash to Z Shell
-by Oliver Kiddle, Jerry Peck and Peter Stephenson
-ISBN: 1590593766
-
-Also take a look at the section
-<b>LINKS
-</b>in this manpage.
-
-</pre>
-</td>
-</table>
-<a name="BUGS"></a>
-<h2>BUGS</h2>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Probably. This manpage might be never complete. So please
-report bugs, feedback and suggestions to
-<zsh-lovers@michael-prokop.at>. Thank you!</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<a name="COPYRIGHT"></a>
-<h2>COPYRIGHT</h2>
-<!-- INDENTATION -->
-<table width="100%" border=0 rules="none" frame="void"
- cols="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
-<tr valign="top" align="left">
-<td width="10%"></td>
-<td width="89%">
-<p>Copyright © 2005 Michael Prokop, Christian Schneider
-and Matthias Kopfermann.</p>
-</td>
-</table>
-<hr>
-</body>
-</html>
projects / zsh-lovers.git / blobdiff