6 %!postproc(man): "^(\.TH.*) 1 " "\1 5 "
10 grmlzshrc - grml's zsh setup
14 //zsh// [**options**]...
18 The grml project provides a fairly exhaustive interactive setup (referred to
19 as //grmlzshrc// throughout this document) for the amazing unix shell zsh
20 (http://zsh.sourceforge.net). This is the reference manual for that
23 To use //grmlzshrc//, you need at least version 3.1.7 of zsh (although not all
24 features are enabled in every version).
26 //grmlzshrc// behaves differently depending on which user loads it. For the
27 root user (**EUID** == 0) only a subset of features is loaded by default. This
28 behaviour can be altered by setting the **GRML_ALWAYS_LOAD_ALL** STARTUP
29 VARIABLE (see below). Also the umask(1) for the root user is set to 022,
30 while for regular users it is set to 002. So read/write permissions
31 for the regular user and her group are set for new files (keep that
32 in mind on systems, where regular users share a common group).
35 Some of the behaviour of //grmlzshrc// can be altered by setting certain shell
36 variables. These may be set temporarily when starting zsh like this:
40 Or by setting them permanently in **zshrc.pre** (See AUXILIARY FILES below).
43 If set to a value greater than zero and //acpi// installed, //grmlzshrc// will
44 put the battery status into the right hand side interactive prompt.
46 : **COMMAND_NOT_FOUND**
47 A non zero value activates a handler, which is called when a command can not
48 be found. The handler is defined by GRML_ZSH_CNF_HANDLER (see below).
50 : **GRML_ALWAYS_LOAD_ALL**
51 Enables the whole grml setup for root, if set to a non zero value.
53 : **GRML_ZSH_CNF_HANDLER**
54 This variable contains the handler to be used by COMMAND_NOT_FOUND (see above)
55 and defaults to "/usr/share/command-not-found/command-not-found".
57 : **GRMLSMALL_SPECIFIC**
58 Set this to zero to remove items in zsh config, which do not work in
62 Where zsh saves the history. Default: ${HOME}/.zsh_history.
65 Number of commands to be kept in the history. On a grml-CD this defaults to
66 500, on a hard disk installation to 5000.
69 Sets the frequency in seconds for zsh to check for new mail. Defaults to 30.
70 A value of zero turns off checking.
73 Non zero values deactivate automatic correction of commands.
76 If set to zero (default), allows selection from a menu, if there are at least
77 five possible options of completion.
80 A non zero value disables precmd and preexec commands. These are functions
81 that are run before every command (setting xterm/screen titles etc.).
84 Show time (user, system and cpu) used by external commands, if they run longer
85 than the defined number of seconds (default: 5).
88 Number of commands to be stored in ${HISTFILE}. Defaults to 1000 on a grml-CD
89 and to 10000 on an installation on hard disk.
92 As in tcsh(1) an array of login/logout events to be reported by the shell
93 builtin "log". For details see zshparam(1). Defaults to (notme root).
95 : **ZSH_NO_DEFAULT_LOCALE**
96 Import "/etc/default/locale", if set to zero (default).
99 A non zero value causes shell functions to be profiled. The results can be
100 obtained with the zprof builtin command (see zshmodules(1) for details).
103 = FEATURE DESCRIPTION =
104 This is an in depth description of non-standard features implemented by
107 == DIRSTACK HANDLING ==
108 The dirstack in //grmlzshrc// has a persistent nature. It is stored into a
109 file each time zsh's working directory is changed. That file can be configured
110 via the **DIRSTACKFILE** variable and it defaults to **~/.zdirs**. The
111 **DIRSTACKSIZE** variable defaults to **20** in this setup.
113 The **DIRSTACKFILE** is loaded each time zsh starts, therefore freshly started
114 zshs inherit the dirstack of the zsh that most recently updated
117 == DIRECTORY BASED PROFILES ==
118 If you want certain settings to be active in certain directories (and
119 automatically switch back and forth between them), this is what you want.
122 zstyle ':chpwd:profiles:/usr/src/grml(|/|/*)' profile grml
123 zstyle ':chpwd:profiles:/usr/src/debian(|/|/*)' profile debian
126 When that's done and you enter a directory that matches the pattern
127 in the third part of the context, a function called chpwd_profile_grml,
128 for example, is called (if it exists).
130 If no pattern matches (read: no profile is detected) the profile is
131 set to 'default', which means chpwd_profile_default is attempted to
134 A word about the context (the ':chpwd:profiles:*' stuff in the zstyle
135 command) which is used: The third part in the context is matched against
136 **$PWD**. That's why using a pattern such as /foo/bar(|/|/*) makes sense.
137 Because that way the profile is detected for all these values of **$PWD**:
145 So, if you want to make double damn sure a profile works in /foo/bar
146 and everywhere deeper in that tree, just use (|/|/*) and be happy.
148 The name of the detected profile will be available in a variable called
149 'profile' in your functions. You don't need to do anything, it'll just
152 Then there is the parameter **$CHPWD_PROFILE** which is set to the profile,
153 that was active up to now. That way you can avoid running code for a
154 profile that is already active, by running code such as the following
155 at the start of your function:
158 function chpwd_profile_grml() {
159 [[ ${profile} == ${CHPWD_PROFILE} ]] && return 1
164 The initial value for **$CHPWD_PROFILE** is 'default'.
166 === Signaling availabily/profile changes ===
168 If you use this feature and need to know whether it is active in your
169 current shell, there are several ways to do that. Here are two simple
172 a) If knowing if the profiles feature is active when zsh starts is
173 good enough for you, you can put the following snippet into your
177 (( ${+functions[chpwd_profiles]} )) &&
178 print "directory profiles active"
181 b) If that is not good enough, and you would prefer to be notified
182 whenever a profile changes, you can solve that by making sure you
183 start **every** profile function you create like this:
186 function chpwd_profile_myprofilename() {
187 [[ ${profile} == ${CHPWD_PROFILE} ]] && return 1
188 print "chpwd(): Switching to profile: $profile"
193 That makes sure you only get notified if a profile is **changed**,
194 not everytime you change directory.
196 === Version requirement ===
197 This feature requires zsh //4.3.3// or newer.
200 == ACCEPTLINE WRAPPER ==
201 The //accept-line// wiget is the one that is taking action when the **return**
202 key is hit. //grmlzshrc// uses a wrapper around that widget, which adds new
205 This wrapper is configured via styles. That means, you issue commands, that look
209 zstyle 'context' style value
212 The context namespace, that we are using is 'acceptline'. That means, the actual
213 context for your commands look like: **':acceptline:<subcontext>'**.
215 Where **<subcontext>** is one of: **default**, **normal**, **force**, **misc**
219 === Recognized Contexts ===
221 This is the value, the context is initialized with.
222 The //compwarnfmt and //rehash// styles are looked up in this context.
225 If the first word in the command line is either a command, alias, function,
226 builtin or reserved word, you are in this context.
229 This is the context, that is used if you hit enter again, after being warned
230 about the existence of a _completion for the non-existing command you
234 This is the context, you are in if the command line is empty or only
235 consists of whitespace.
238 This context is in effect, if you entered something that does not match any
239 of the above. (e.g.: variable assignments).
242 === Available Styles ===
244 If you set this style to true, the warning about non existent commands,
245 for which completions exist will not be issued. (Default: **false**)
248 The message, that is displayed to warn about the _completion issue.
249 (default: **'%c will not execute and completion %f exists.'**)
250 '%c' is replaced by the command name, '%f' by the completion's name.
253 If this is set, we'll force rehashing, if appropriate. (Defaults to
254 **true** in //grmlzshrc//).
257 This can be a list of wigdets to call in a given context. If you need a
258 specific order for these to be called, name them accordingly. The default value
259 is an **empty list**.
262 The name of a widget, that is called after the widgets from 'actions'.
263 By default, this will be '.accept-line' (which is the built-in accept-line
267 If true in the current context, call the widget in the 'default_action'
268 style. (The default is **true** in all contexts.)
274 == GNU/SCREEN STATUS SETTING ==
275 //grmlzshrc// sets screen's hardstatus lines to the currently running command
276 or **'zsh'** if the shell is idling at its prompt. If the current working
277 directory is inside a repository unter version control, screen status is set
278 to: **'zsh: <repository name>'** via zsh's vcs_info.
281 == PERSISTENT HISTORY ==
282 If you got commands you consider important enough to be included in every
283 shell's history, you can put them into ~/.important_commands and they will be
284 available via the usual history lookup widgets.
288 == ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES ==
289 //grmlzshrc// sets some environment variables, which influence the
290 behaviour of applications.
293 If X is running this is set to "firefox", otherwise to "w3m".
296 Set to "yes". Some applications read this to learn about properties
297 of the terminal they are running in.
300 If not already set, sets the default editor. Falls back to vi(1),
301 if vim(1) is not available.
304 Some environment variables that add colour support to less(1) for viewing
305 man pages. See termcap(5) for details.
308 The mailbox file for the current user is set to /var/mail/$USER, if not
309 already set otherwise.
312 Set less(1) as default pager, if not already set to something different.
315 Holds the path to shared files for the C++ application framework QT
319 Set explicitly to /bin/zsh, to prevent certain terminal emulators to
320 default to /bin/sh or /bin/bash.
324 Apart from zsh's default options, //grmlzshrc// sets some options
325 that change the behaviour of zsh. Options that change Z-shell's default
326 settings are marked by <grml>. But note, that zsh's defaults vary depending
327 on its emulation mode (csh, ksh, sh, or zsh). For details, see zshoptions(1).
330 Zsh sessions, that use //grmlzshrc//, will append their history list to the
331 history file, rather than replace it. Thus, multiple parallel zsh sessions
332 will all have the new entries from their history lists added to the history
333 file, in the order that they exit. The file will still be periodically
334 re-written to trim it when the number of lines grows 20% beyond the value
335 specified by $SAVEHIST.
338 If a command is issued that can't be executed as a normal command, and the
339 command is the name of a directory, perform the cd command to that directory.
341 : **auto_pushd** <grml>
342 Make cd push the old directory onto the directory stack.
344 : **completeinword** <grml>
345 If the cursor is inside a word, completion is done from both ends;
346 instead of moving the cursor to the end of the word first and starting
349 : **extended_glob** <grml>
350 Treat the '#', '~' and '^' characters as active globbing pattern characters.
352 : **extended_history** <grml>
353 Save each command's beginning timestamp (in seconds since the epoch) and the
354 duration (in seconds) to the history file.
357 Whenever a command completion is attempted, make sure the entire command
358 path is hashed first. This makes the first completion slower.
360 : **histignorealldups** <grml>
361 If a new command line being added to the history list duplicates an
362 older one, the older command is removed from the list, even if it is
363 not the previous event.
365 : **histignorespace** <grml>
366 Remove command lines from the history list when the first character on
367 the line is a space, or when one of the expanded aliases contains a
368 leading space. Note that the command lingers in the internal history
369 until the next command is entered before it vanishes.
371 : **longlistjobs** <grml>
372 List jobs in long format by default.
375 Avoid to beep on errors in zsh command line editing (zle).
378 A wildcard character never matches a leading '.'.
381 Do not send the hangup signal (HUP:1) to running jobs when the shell exits.
383 : **nonomatch** <grml>
384 If a pattern for filename generation has no matches, do not print an error
385 and leave it unchanged in the argument list. This also applies to file
386 expansion of an initial `~' or `='.
389 Report the status of background jobs immediately, rather than waiting until
390 just before printing a prompt.
392 : **pushd_ignore_dups** <grml>
393 Don't push multiple copies of the same directory onto the directory stack.
395 : **share_history** <grml>
396 As each line is added to the history file, it is checked to see if anything
397 else was written out by another shell, and if so it is included in the
398 history of the current shell too. Using !-style history, the commands from
399 the other sessions will not appear in the history list unless you explicitly
400 type the "history" command. This option is activated for zsh versions >= 4,
405 Apart from zsh's default key bindings, //grmlzshrc// comes with its own set of
406 key bindings. Note that bindings like **ESC-e** can also be typed as **ALT-e**
410 Edit the current command buffer in your favourite editor.
413 Deletes a word left of the cursor; seeing '/' as additional word separator.
416 Jump right after the first word.
419 Searches the last occurence of string before the cursor in the command history.
422 Brings a job, which got suspended with CTRL-z back to foreground.
425 == SHELL FUNCTIONS ==
426 //grmlzshrc// comes with a wide array of defined shell functions to ease the
430 Converts plaintext files to HTML using vim. The output is written to
433 : **855resolution()**
434 If 915resolution is available, issues a warning to the user to run it instead
435 to modify the resolution on intel graphics chipsets.
438 Lists files in current directory, which have been accessed within the
439 last N days. N is an integer to be passed as first and only argument.
440 If no argument is specified N is set to 1.
443 Searches for USENET postings from authors using google groups.
446 Sets all ulimit values to "unlimited".
449 Prints a colored table of available ansi color codes (to be used in escape
450 sequences) and the colors they represent.
452 : **aoeu(), asdf(), uiae()**
453 Pressing the 'asdf' keys toggles between dvorak or neon and us keyboard
456 : **apache2-ssl-certificate()**
457 Advices the user how to create self signed certificates.
460 Login on the host provided as argument using autossh. Then reattach a GNU screen
461 session if a detached session is around or detach a currently attached screen or
462 else start a new screen. This is especially useful for roadwarriors using GNU
466 Burns the files in ~/ripps (see audiorip() below) to an audio CD.
467 Then prompts the user if she wants to remove that directory. You might need
468 to tell audioburn which cdrom device to use like:
469 "DEVICE=/dev/cdrom audioburn"
472 Creates directory ~/ripps, if it does not exist. Then rips audio CD into
473 it. Then prompts the user if she wants to burn a audio CD with audioburn()
474 (see above). You might need to tell audiorip which cdrom device to use like:
475 "DEVICE=/dev/cdrom audioburn"
478 Simple backup of a file or directory using cp(1). The target file name is the
479 original name plus a time stamp attached. Symlinks and file attributes like mode,
480 ownership and timestamps are preserved.
483 The brltty(1) program provides a braille display, so a blind person can access
484 the console screen. This wrapper function works around problems with some
485 environments (f. e. utf8).
488 If the original cdrecord is not installed, issues a warning to the user to
489 use the wodim binary instead. Wodim is the debian fork of Joerg Schillings
493 Lists files in current directory, which have been changed within the
494 last N days. N is an integer to be passed as first and only argument.
495 If no argument is specified N is set to 1.
498 Returns true if given command exists either as program, function, alias,
499 builtin or reserved word. If the option -c is given, only returns true,
500 if command is a program.
503 Changes directory to $HOME on first invocation of zsh. This is neccessary on
504 grml systems with autologin.
507 Changes current directory to the one supplied by argument and lists the files
508 in it, including file names starting with ".".
511 Presents a numbered listing of the directory stack. Then changes current
512 working directory to the one chosen by the user.
515 Searches the Debian bug tracking system (bugs.debian.org) for Bug numbers,
516 email addresses of submitters or any string given on the command line.
519 Shows bug report for debian given by number in mailbox format.
522 Tells the user to use grml-debootstrap, if she wants to install debian to
526 Shows the disk usage of the directories given in human readable format;
530 Translates C source code to assembly and ouputs both.
533 Takes packagename as argument. Sets current working directory to
534 /usr/share/doc/<packagename> and prints out a directory listing.
537 Renames image files based on date/time informations in their exif headers.
540 Opens given URL with Firefox (Iceweasel on Debian). If there is already an
541 instance of firefox running, attaches to the first window found and opens the
542 URL in a new tab (this even works across an ssh session).
544 : **fluxkey-change()**
545 Switches the key combinations for changing current workspace under fluxbox(1)
546 from Alt-[0-9] to Alt-F[0-9] and vice versa by rewriting $HOME/.fluxbox/keys.
547 Requires the window manager to reread configuration to take effect.
550 A simple thumbnails generator. Resizes images (i. e. files that end in ".jpg",
551 ".jpeg", ".gif" or ".png") to 100x200. Output files are named "thumb-<original
552 filename>". Creates an index.html with title "Images" showing the
553 thumbnails as clickable links to the respective original file.
554 //Warning:// On start genthumbs() silently removes a possibly existing "index.html"
555 and all files and/or directories beginning with "thumb-" in current directory!
558 Fetches 3ware RAID controller software using get_3ware(1).
561 Searches the zsh command history for a regular expression.
564 Prints the hexadecimal representation of the number supplied as argument
568 Use GNU diff with options -ubwd for mercurial.
571 Displays diffstat between the revision given as argument and tip (no
572 argument means last revision).
575 Outputs highlighted diff; needs highstring(1).
578 Shows source files in less(1) with syntax highlighting. Run "hl -h"
579 for detailed usage information.
582 Queries IMAP server (first parameter) for its capabilities. Takes
583 port number as optional second argument.
586 Returns true, if zsh version is equal or greater than 4, else false.
589 Returns true, if zsh version is equal or greater than 4.1, else false.
592 Returns true, if zsh version is equal or greater than 4.2, else false.
595 Returns true, if zsh version is equal or greater than 4.2.5, else false.
598 Returns true, if zsh version is equal or greater than 4.3, else false.
601 Returns true, if zsh version is equal or greater than 4.3.3, else false.
604 Returns true, if running on darwin, else false.
607 Returns true, if running on a grml system, else false.
610 Returns true, if running on a grml system from a live cd, else false.
613 Returns true, if run on grml-small, else false.
616 Changes every occurrence of the string iso885915 or ISO885915 in
617 environment variables to UTF-8.
620 Returns true, if run within an utf environment, else false.
623 Lists libraries that define the symbol containing the string given as
627 Lists images (i. e. files ending with ".jpg", ".gif" or ".png") in current
631 Prints specified range of (numbered) lines of a file.
632 Usage: linenr <start>[,<end>] <file>
635 Creates a PostScript and a PDF file (basename as first argument) from
639 Displays manpage in a streched style.
642 Creates directory including parent directories, if necessary. Then changes
643 current working directory to it.
646 Diffs the two arguments recursively and writes the
647 output (unified format) to a timestamped file.
650 Prints the summarized memory usage in bytes.
652 : **minimal-shell()**
653 Spawns a minimally set up MirBSD Korn shell. It references no files in /usr,
654 so that file system can be unmounted.
657 Renames all mp3 files in ~/ripps (see audiorip above) to lowercase and
658 replaces spaces in file names with underscores. Then mkaudiocd()
659 normalizes the files and recodes them to WAV.
662 Creates an iso9660 filesystem image with Rockridge and Joliet extensions
663 enabled using mkisofs(8). Prompts the user for volume name, filename and
667 Creates a directory with first parameter as name inside $MAILDIR_ROOT
668 (defaults to $HOME/Mail) and subdirectories cur, new and tmp.
671 Runs "make install" and logs the output under ~/.errorlogs/; useful for
672 a clean deinstall later.
675 Lists files in current directory, which have been modified within the
676 last N days. N is an integer to be passed as first and only argument.
677 If no argument is specified N is set to 1.
680 A helper function for the "e" glob qualifier to list all files newer
681 than a reference file.
685 % NTREF=/reference/file
688 % ls -l *(e:'nt /reference/file':)
692 Recodes an ogg file to mp3 with a bitrate of 192.
695 Evaluates a perl expression; useful as command line
696 calculator, therefore also available as "calc".
699 Lists all occurrences of the string given as argument in current $PATH.
702 Removes typical temporary files (i. e. files like "*~", ".*~", "#*#", "*.o",
703 "a.out", "*.core", "*.cmo", "*.cmi" and ".*.swp") from current directory.
704 Asks for confirmation.
707 Opens all README-like files in current working directory with the program
708 defined in the $PAGER environment variable.
711 Reloads functions given as parameters.
714 Checks whether a regular expression (first parameter) matches a string
715 (second parameter) using perl.
718 Creates an alias whith sudo prepended, if $EUID is not zero. Run "salias -h"
719 for details. See also xunfunction() below.
722 Greps the history for the string provided as parameter and shows the numbered
723 findings in default pager. On exit of the pager the user is prompted for a
724 number. The shells readline buffer is then filled with the corresponding
728 Lists the contents of a (compressed) archive with the appropriate programs.
729 The choice is made along the filename extension.
732 Lists the content of a gzipped tar archive in default pager.
735 Shows the content of a zip archive in default pager.
737 : **simple-extract()**
738 Tries to uncompress/unpack given file with the appropriate programs. The
739 choice is made along the filename ending.
742 Prints the arguments slowly by sleeping 0.08 seconds between each character.
744 : **smartcompress()**
745 Compresses/archives the file given as first parameter. Takes an optional
746 second argument, which denotes the compression/archive type as typical
747 filename extension; defaults to "tar.gz".
750 Indents C source code files given; uses Kernighan & Ritchie style.
753 Creates directory named shots in user's home directory, if it does not yet
754 exist and changes current working directory to it. Then sleeps 5 seconds,
755 so you have plenty of time to switch desktops/windows. Then makes a screenshot
756 of the current desktop. The result is stored in ~/shots to a timestamped
759 : **ssl-cert-fingerprints**
760 Prints the SHA512, SHA256, SHA1 and MD5 digest of a x509 certificate.
761 First and only parameter must be a file containing a certificate. Use
762 /dev/stdin as file if you want to pipe a certificate to these
766 Prints all information of a x509 certificate including the SHA512,
767 SHA256, SHA1 and MD5 digests. First and only parameter must be a file
768 containing a certificate. Use /dev/stdin as file if you want to pipe a
769 certificate to this function.
771 : **ssl-cert-sha512(), ssl-cert-sha256(), ssl-cert-sha1(), ssl-cert-md5()**
772 Prints the SHA512, SHA256, SHA1 respective MD5 digest of a x509
773 certificate. First and only parameter must be a file containing a
774 certificate. Use /dev/stdin as file if you want to pipe a certificate
778 Initializes an X session using startx(1) if /etc/X11/xorg.conf exists, else
779 issues a Warning to use the grml-x(1) script. Can be overridden by using
780 /usr/bin/startx directly.
783 Shows some information about current system status.
786 Sets up software synthesizer by calling swspeak-setup(8). Kernel boot option
787 swspeak must be set for this to work.
790 Translates a word from german to english (-D) or vice versa (-E).
793 Makes a unified diff of the command line arguments trying hard to find a
794 smaller set of changes. Descends recursively into subdirectories. Ignores
795 hows some information about current status.
798 Downloads and displays a file using a suitable program for its
802 Works around the "print -l ${(u)foo}"-limitation on zsh older than 4.2.
805 Takes a string as its first argument and prints it RFC 2396 URL encoded to
809 Changes every occurrence of the string UTF-8 or utf-8 in environment
810 variables to iso885915.
816 Wrapper for vim(1). It tries to set the title and hands vim the environment
817 variable VIM_OPTIONS on the command line. So the user may define command
818 line options, she always wants, in her .zshrc.local.
821 Use vim(1) as manpage reader.
824 Searches the history for a given pattern and lists the results by date.
825 The first argument is the search pattern. The second and third ones are
826 optional and denote a search range (default: -100).
829 Retrieves and prints weather information from "http://weather.noaa.gov".
830 The first and only argument is the ICAO code for the desired station.
831 For a list of ICAO codes see
832 "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_by_ICAO_code".
835 Tries to cat(1) file(s) given as parameter(s). Always returns true.
836 See also xunfunction() below.
839 Initializes an X session using xinit(1) if /etc/X11/xorg.conf exists, else
840 issues a Warning to use the grml-x(1) script. Can be overridden by using
841 /usr/bin/xinit directly.
844 Tries to source the file(s) given as parameter(s). Always returns true.
845 See zshbuiltins(1) for a detailed description of the source command.
846 See also xunfunction() below.
849 Changes the title of xterm window from within screen(1). Run without
850 arguments for details.
853 Removes the functions salias, xcat, xsource, xunfunction and zrcautoload.
856 Search for patterns in grml's zshrc using perl. zg takes no or exactly one
857 option plus a non empty pattern. Run zg without any arguments for a listing
858 of available command line switches. For a zshrc not in /etc/zsh, set the
859 GRML_ZSHRC environment variable.
862 Wrapper around the autoload builtin. Loads the definitions of functions
863 from the file given as argument. Searches $fpath for the file. See also
867 Sources /etc/zsh/zshrc.local and ${HOME}/.zshrc.local. These are the files
868 where own modifications should go. See also zshbuiltins(1) for a description
869 of the source command.
873 //grmlzshrc// comes with a wide array of predefined aliases to ease the user's
874 life. A few aliases (like those involving //grep// or //ls//) use the option
875 //--color=auto// for colourizing output. That option is part of **GNU**
876 implementations of these tools, and will only be used if such an implementation
879 : **acp** (//apt-cache policy//)
880 With no arguments prints out the priorities of each source. If a package name
881 is given, it displays detailed information about the priority selection of the
884 : **acs** (//apt-cache search//)
885 Searches debian package lists for the regular expression provided as argument.
886 The search includes package names and descriptions. Prints out name and short
887 description of matching packages.
889 : **acsh** (//apt-cache show//)
890 Shows the package records for the packages provided as arguments.
892 : **adg** (//apt-get dist-upgrade//)
893 Performs an upgrade of all installed packages. Also tries to automatically
894 handle changing dependencies with new versions of packages. As this may change
895 the install status of (or even remove) installed packages, it is potentially
896 dangerous to use dist-upgrade; invoked by sudo, if necessary.
898 : **ag** (//apt-get upgrade//)
899 Downloads and installs the newest versions of all packages currently installed
900 on the system. Under no circumstances are currently installed packages removed,
901 or packages not already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of
902 currently installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install
903 status of another package will be left at their current version. An update must
904 be performed first (see au below); run by sudo, if necessary.
906 : **agi** (//apt-get install//)
907 Downloads and installs or upgrades the packages given on the command line.
908 If a hyphen is appended to the package name, the identified package will be
909 removed if it is installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a
910 package to install. This may be useful to override decisions made by apt-get's
911 conflict resolution system.
912 A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by following
913 the package name with an equals and the version of the package to select. This
914 will cause that version to be located and selected for install. Alternatively a
915 specific distribution can be selected by following the package name with a slash
916 and the version of the distribution or the Archive name (stable, testing, unstable).
917 Gets invoked by sudo, if user id is not 0.
919 : **ati** (//aptitude install//)
920 Aptitude is a terminal-based package manager with a command line mode similar to
921 apt-get (see agi above); invoked by sudo, if necessary.
923 : **au** (//apt-get update//)
924 Resynchronizes the package index files from their sources. The indexes of
925 available packages are fetched from the location(s) specified in
926 /etc/apt/sources.list. An update should always be performed before an
927 upgrade or dist-upgrade; run by sudo, if necessary.
929 : **calc** (//peval//)
930 Evaluates a perl expression (see peval() above); useful as a command line
933 : **CH** (//./configure --help//)
934 Lists available compilation options for building program from source.
936 : **cmplayer** (//mplayer -vo fbdev//)
937 Video player with framebuffer as video output device, so you can watch
938 videos on a virtual tty. Hint: Using fbdev2 allows you to use the shell
939 while watching a movie.
941 : **CO** (//./configure//)
942 Prepares compilation for building program from source.
944 : **cp** (//nocorrect cp//)
945 cp(1) without spelling correction.
947 : **da** (//du -sch//)
948 Prints the summarized disk usage of the arguments as well as a grand total
949 in human readable format.
951 : **dbp** (//dpkg-buildpackage//)
952 Builds binary or source packages from sources (See: dpkg-buildpackage(1)).
954 : **debs-by-size** (//grep-status -FStatus -sInstalled-Size,Package -n "install ok installed" | paste -sd " \n" | sort -rn//)
955 Prints installed Packages sorted by size (descending).
957 : **default** (//echo -en [ escape sequence ]//)
958 Sets font of xterm to "-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-*-140-*-*-c-*-iso8859-15"
959 using escape sequence.
961 : **dir** (//ls -lSrah//)
962 Lists files (including dot files) sorted by size (biggest last) in long and
963 human readable output format.
965 : **fblinks** (//links2 -driver fb//)
966 A Web browser on the framebuffer device. So you can browse images and click
967 links on the virtual tty.
969 : **fbmplayer** (//mplayer -vo fbdev -fs -zoom//)
970 Fullscreen Video player with the framebuffer as video output device. So you
971 can watch videos on a virtual tty.
974 Revision control system by Linus Torvalds.
976 : **ge** (//grep-excuses//)
977 Searches the testing excuses files for a specific maintainer (See:
980 : **grep** (//grep --color=auto//)
981 Shows grep output in nice colors, if available.
983 : **GREP** (//grep -i --color=auto//)
984 Case insensitive grep with colored output.
986 : **grml-rebuildfstab** (//rebuildfstab -v -r -config//)
987 Scans for new devices and updates /etc/fstab according to the findings.
989 : **grml-version** (//cat /etc/grml_version//)
990 Prints version of running grml.
992 : **hbp** (//hg-buildpackage//)
993 Helper program to maintain Debian packages with mercurial.
995 : **http** (//python -m SimpleHTTPServer//)
996 Basic HTTP server implemented in python. Listens on port 8000/tcp and
997 serves current directory. Implements GET and HEAD methods.
999 : **insecscp** (//scp -o "StrictHostKeyChecking=no" -o "UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null"//)
1000 scp with possible man-in-the-middle attack enabled. This is convenient, if the targets
1001 host key changes frequently, for example on virtualized test- or development-systems.
1002 To be used only inside trusted networks, of course.
1004 : **insecssh** (//ssh -o "StrictHostKeyChecking=no" -o "UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null"//)
1005 ssh with possible man-in-the-middle attack enabled
1006 (for an explanation see insecscp above).
1008 : **help-zshglob** (//H-Glob()//)
1009 Runs the function H-Glob() to expand or explain wildcards.
1011 : **hide** (//echo -en [ escape sequence ]//)
1012 Tries to hide xterm window using escape sequence.
1014 : **hidiff** (//histring -fE '^Comparing files .*|^diff .*' | histring -c yellow -fE '^\-.*' | histring -c green -fE '^\+.*'//)
1015 If histring(1) is installed, highlight important stuff in diff(1) output.
1017 : **huge** (//echo -en [ escape sequence ]//)
1018 Sets huge font in xterm ("-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-*-210-*-*-c-*-iso8859-15")
1019 using escape sequence.
1021 : **j** (//jobs -l//)
1022 Prints status of jobs in the current shell session in long format.
1024 : **l** (//ls -lF --color=auto//)
1025 Lists files in long output format with indicator for filetype appended
1026 to filename. If the terminal supports it, with colored output.
1028 : **la** (//ls -la --color=auto//)
1029 Lists files in long colored output format. Including file names
1032 : **lad** (//ls -d .*(/)//)
1033 Lists the dot directories (not their contents) in current directory.
1035 : **large** (//echo -en [ escape sequence ]//)
1036 Sets large font in xterm ("-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-*-150-*-*-c-*-iso8859-15")
1037 using escape sequence.
1039 : **lh** (//ls -hAl --color=auto//)
1040 Lists files in long and human readable output format in nice colors,
1041 if available. Includes file names starting with "." except "." and
1044 : **ll** (//ls -l --color=auto//)
1045 Lists files in long colored output format.
1047 : **llog** (//$PAGER /var/log/syslog//)
1048 Opens syslog in pager.
1050 : **ls** (//ls -b -CF --color=auto//)
1051 Lists directory printing octal escapes for nongraphic characters.
1052 Entries are listed by columns and an indicator for file type is appended
1053 to each file name. Additionally the output is colored, if the terminal
1056 : **lsa** (//ls -a .*(.)//)
1057 Lists dot files in current working directory.
1059 : **lsbig** (//ls -flh *(.OL[1,10])//)
1060 Displays the ten biggest files (long and human readable output format).
1062 : **lsd** (//ls -d *(/)//)
1065 : **lse** (//ls -d *(/^F)//)
1066 Shows empty directories.
1068 : **lsl** (//ls -l *(@)//)
1069 Lists symbolic links in current directory.
1071 : **lsnew** (//ls -rl *(D.om[1,10])//)
1072 Displays the ten newest files (long output format).
1074 : **lsold** (//ls -rtlh *(D.om[1,10])//)
1075 Displays the ten oldest files (long output format).
1077 : **lss** (//ls -l *(s,S,t)//)
1078 Lists files in current directory that have the setuid, setgid or sticky bit
1081 : **lssmall** (//ls -Srl *(.oL[1,10])//)
1082 Displays the ten smallest files (long output format).
1084 : **lsw** (//ls -ld *(R,W,X.^ND/)//)
1085 Displays all files which are world readable and/or world writable and/or
1086 world executable (long output format).
1088 : **lsx** (//ls -l *(*)//)
1089 Lists only executable files.
1091 : **md** (//mkdir -p//)
1092 Creates directory including parent directories, if necessary
1094 : **mdstat** (//cat /proc/mdstat//)
1095 Lists all active md (i.e. linux software raid) devices with some information
1098 : **medium** (//echo -en [ escape sequence ]//)
1099 Sets medium sized font
1100 ("-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-c-80-iso8859-15") in xterm
1101 using escape sequence.
1103 : **mkdir** (//nocorrect mkdir//)
1104 mkdir(1) without spelling correction.
1106 : **mq** (//hg -R $(readlink -f $(hg root)/.hg/patches)//)
1107 Executes the commands on the versioned patch queue from current repository.
1109 : **mv** (//nocorrect mv//)
1110 mv(1) without spelling correction.
1112 : **rd** (//rmdir//)
1113 Short rmdir(1) (remove directory).
1115 : **rm** (//nocorrect rm//)
1116 rm(1) without spelling correction.
1118 : **screen** (///usr/bin/screen -c ${HOME}/.screenrc//)
1119 If invoking user is root, starts screen session with /etc/grml/screenrc
1120 as config file. If invoked by a regular user, start a screen session
1121 with users .screenrc config if it exists, else use /etc/grml/screenrc_grml
1124 : **rw-** (//chmod 600//)
1125 Grants read and write permission of a file to the owner and nobody else.
1127 : **rwx** (//chmod 700//)
1128 Grants read, write and execute permission of a file to the owner and nobody
1131 : **r--** (//chmod 644//)
1132 Grants read and write permission of a file to the owner and read-only to
1135 : **r-x** (//chmod 755//)
1136 Grants read, write and execute permission of a file to the owner and
1137 read-only plus execute permission to anybody else.
1139 : **S** (//screen//)
1140 Short for screen(1).
1145 : **semifont** (//echo -en [ escape sequence ]//)
1146 Sets font of xterm to
1147 "-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15" using
1150 : **small** (//echo -en [ escape sequence ]//)
1151 Sets small xterm font ("6x10") using escape sequence.
1153 : **smartfont** (//echo -en [ escape sequence ]//)
1154 Sets font of xterm to "-artwiz-smoothansi-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*" using
1157 : **su** (//sudo su//)
1158 If user is running a grml live-CD, dont ask for any password, if she
1161 : **term2iso** (//echo 'Setting terminal to iso mode' ; print -n '\e%@'//)
1162 Sets mode from UTF-8 to ISO 2022 (See:
1163 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#term).
1165 : **term2utf** (//echo 'Setting terminal to utf-8 mode'; print -n '\e%G'//)
1166 Sets mode from ISO 2022 to UTF-8 (See:
1167 http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#term).
1169 : **tiny** (//echo -en [ escape sequence ]//)
1170 Sets tiny xterm font
1171 ("-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal-*-*-80-*-*-c-*-iso8859-15") using escape
1174 : **tlog** (//tail -f /var/log/syslog//)
1175 Prints syslog continuously (See tail(1)).
1177 : **top10** (//print -l ? ${(o)history%% *} | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 10//)
1178 Prints the ten most used shell commands.
1180 : **truec** (//truecrypt [ mount options ]//)
1181 Mount a truecrypt volume with some reasonable mount options
1182 ("rw,sync,dirsync,users,uid=1000,gid=users,umask=077" and "utf8", if
1185 : **up** (//aptitude update ; aptitude safe-upgrade//)
1186 Performs a system update followed by a system upgrade using aptitude; run
1187 by sudo, if necessary. See au and ag above.
1189 : **url-quote** (//autoload -U url-quote-magic ; zle -N self-insert url-quote-magic//)
1190 After calling, characters of URLs as typed get automatically escaped, if necessary, to
1191 protect them from the shell.
1193 : **0** (//return 0//)
1194 Gives a clean prompt (i.e. without $?).
1196 : **$(uname -r)-reboot** (//kexec -l --initrd=/boot/initrd.img-"$(uname -r)" --command-line=\"$(cat /proc/cmdline)\" /boot/vmlinuz-"$(uname -r)"//)
1197 Reboots using kexec(8) and thus reduces boot time by skipping hardware initialization of BIOS/firmware.
1199 : **...** (//cd ../..///)
1200 Changes current directory two levels higher.
1202 : **?** (//qma zshall//)
1203 Runs the grml script qma (quick manual access) to build the collected man
1204 pages for the z-shell. This compressed file is kept at
1205 ~/man/zshall.txt.lzo Once it is built, the second use of the alias '?' is
1206 fast. See "man qma" for further information.
1210 This is a set of files, that - if they exist - can be used to customize the
1211 behaviour of //grmlzshrc//.
1214 Sourced at the very beginning of //grmlzshrc//. Among other things, it can
1215 be used to permantenly change //grmlzshrc//'s STARTUP VARIABLES (see above):
1218 # show battery status in RPROMPT
1220 # always load the complete setup, even for root
1221 GRML_ALWAYS_LOAD_ALL=1
1225 Sourced right before loading //grmlzshrc// is finished. There is a global
1226 version of this file (/etc/zsh/zshrc.local) which is sourced before the
1230 Directory listing for persistent dirstack (see above).
1232 : **.important_commands**
1233 List of commands, used by persistent history (see above).
1236 = INSTALLATION ON NON-DEBIAN SYSTEMS =
1237 On Debian systems (http://www.debian.org) - and possibly Ubuntu
1238 (http://www.ubuntu.com) and similar systems - it is very easy to get
1239 //grmlzshrc// via grml's .deb repositories.
1241 On non-debian systems, that is not an option, but all is not lost:
1244 % wget -O .zshrc http://git.grml.org/f/grml-etc-core/etc/zsh/zshrc
1247 If you would also like to get seperate function files (which you can put into
1248 your **$fpath**), you can browse and download them at:
1250 http://git.grml.org/?p=grml-etc-core.git;a=tree;f=usr_share_grml/zsh;hb=HEAD
1252 = ZSH REFCARD TAGS =
1253 If you read //grmlzshrc//'s code you may notice strange looking comments in
1254 it. These are there for a purpose. grml's zsh-refcard is automatically
1255 generated from the contents of the actual configuration file. However, we need
1256 a little extra information on which comments and what lines of code to take
1257 into account (and for what purpose).
1259 Here is what they mean:
1261 List of tags (comment types) used:
1263 Next line contains an important alias, that should be included in the
1264 grml-zsh-refcard. (placement tag: @@INSERT-aliases@@)
1267 Next line contains the beginning of an important function. (placement
1268 tag: @@INSERT-functions@@)
1271 Next line contains an important variable. (placement tag:
1272 @@INSERT-variables@@)
1275 Next line contains an important keybinding. (placement tag:
1276 @@INSERT-keybindings@@)
1279 Hashed directories list generation: //start//: denotes the start of a list of
1280 'hash -d' definitions. //end//: denotes its end. (placement tag:
1281 @@INSERT-hasheddirs@@)
1284 Abbreviation expansion list generation: //start//: denotes the beginning of
1285 abbreviations. //end//: denotes their end.
1287 Lines within this section that end in '#d .*' provide extra documentation to
1288 be included in the refcard. (placement tag: @@INSERT-abbrev@@)
1291 This tag allows you to manually generate refcard entries for code lines that
1292 are hard/impossible to parse.
1296 #m# k ESC-h Call the run-help function
1299 That would add a refcard entry in the keybindings table for 'ESC-h' with the
1302 So the syntax is: #m# <section> <argument> <comment>
1305 This tag lets you insert entries to the 'other' hash. Generally, this should
1306 not be used. It is there for things that cannot be done easily in another way.
1307 (placement tag: @@INSERT-other-foobar@@)
1310 All of these tags (except for m and o) take two arguments, the first
1311 within the tag, the other after the tag:
1313 #<tag><section># <comment>
1315 Where <section> is really just a number, which are defined by the @secmap
1316 array on top of 'genrefcard.pl'. The reason for numbers instead of names is,
1317 that for the reader, the tag should not differ much from a regular comment.
1318 For zsh, it is a regular comment indeed. The numbers have got the following
1343 So, the following will add an entry to the 'functions' table in the 'system'
1344 section, with a (hopefully) descriptive comment:
1347 #f1# Edit an alias via zle
1351 It will then show up in the @@INSERT-aliases-system@@ replacement tag that can
1352 be found in 'grml-zsh-refcard.tex.in'. If the section number is omitted, the
1353 'default' section is assumed. Furthermore, in 'grml-zsh-refcard.tex.in'
1354 @@INSERT-aliases@@ is exactly the same as @@INSERT-aliases-default@@. If you
1355 want a list of **all** aliases, for example, use @@INSERT-aliases-all@@.
1359 If you want to help to improve grml's zsh setup, clone the grml-etc-core
1360 repository from git.grml.org:
1362 ``` % git clone git://git.grml.org/grml-etc-core.git
1364 Make your changes, commit them; use '**git format-patch**' to create a series
1365 of patches and send those to the following address via '**git send-email**':
1367 ``` grml-etc-core@grml.org
1369 Doing so makes sure the right people get your patches for review and
1374 This manual page is the **reference** manual for //grmlzshrc//.
1376 That means that in contrast to the existing refcard it should document **every**
1377 aspect of the setup.
1379 This manual is currently not complete. If you want to help improving it, visit
1380 the following pages:
1382 http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=zshrcmanual
1384 http://lists.mur.at/pipermail/grml/2009-August/004609.html
1386 Contributions are highly welcome.
1390 This manpage was written by Frank Terbeck <ft@grml.org>, Joerg Woelke
1391 <joewoe@fsmail.de>, Maurice McCarthy <manselton@googlemail.com> and Axel
1392 Beckert <abe@deuxchevaux.org>.
1396 Copyright (c) 2009-2010 grml project <http://grml.org>
1398 This manpage is distributed under the terms of the GPL version 2.
1400 Most parts of grml's zshrc are distributed under the terms of GPL v2, too,
1401 except for **accept-line()** and **vcs_info()**, which are distributed under
1402 the same conditions as zsh itself (which is BSD-like).