<h1 align="center">FAQ for grml</h1>
- <p><strong>Up2date:</strong> applies to Grml releases version 2011.12</p>
+ <p><strong>Up2date:</strong> applies to Grml version 2017.05</p>
<p><a name="toc"></a><strong>Index:</strong></p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#whatis">What is Grml?</a></li>
<li><a href="#flavours">What are grml32 / grml64 and grml96?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#grmlsmall">What is the difference between grml-full and grml-small?</a></li>
<li><a href="#get">Where do I get Grml?</a></li>
<li><a href="#whatmeans">What does Grml mean?</a></li>
<li><a href="#releasename">What about the release name?</a></li>
<li><a href="#requirements">Requirements for running Grml</a></li>
<li><a href="#bootoptions">Which bootoptions does Grml support?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#systemd">Why is Grml using systemd?</a></li>
<li><a href="#known_issues">Are there any known issues with this release? How about reporting bugs?</a></li>
</ol>
<h3><a name="whatis"></a><a href="#toc">What is Grml?</a></h3>
- <p>Grml is a bootable CD (Live-CD) based
+ <p>Grml is a bootable live system (Live-CD) based
on <a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</a>. It is not
necessary to install anything to a harddisk. Grml includes a
collection of GNU/Linux software especially for system
administrators. It specializes on administrative tasks like
installation, deployment and system rescue.</p>
- <h3><a name="flavours"></a><a href="#doc">What are grml32 / grml64 and grml96?</a></h3>
+ <h3><a name="flavours"></a><a href="#toc">What are grml32 / grml64 and grml96?</a></h3>
<ul>
- <li>grml32: 32bit version (kernel and userspace)</li>
- <li>grml64: 64bit version (kernel and userspace)</li>
- <li>grml96: multi boot version (featuring grml32 and grml64 on one ISO)</li>
+ <li>grml32-full: 32bit version (kernel and userspace)</li>
+ <li>grml64-full: 64bit version (kernel and userspace)</li>
+ <li>grml96-full: multi boot version (featuring the grml32-full and grml64-full ISOs combined on one ISO)</li>
</ul>
- <p>Unless you've a good reason to really choose the 32bit flavour we
- strongly encourage you to use either the grml64 or the grml96
- flavour.</p>
+
<p>Unless you've a good reason to really choose the 32bit flavour we
+ <em>strongly</em> encourage you to use either the grml64 or the grml96
+ flavour.</p>
- <p>Please notice that this schema was introduced starting with Grml
- release 2011.12. Until then grml96 didn't exist and grml32 was known as
- just 'grml'.</p>
+ <h3><a name="grmlsmall"></a><a href="#toc">What is the difference between grml-full and grml-small?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>grml-small provides a reduced set of available software compared to
+ grml-full. It provides the same Linux kernel image as grml-full and is
+ fully binary compatible. Choose the grml-small flavour if size - for
+ whatever reason - really matters to you.</p>
<h3><a name="get"></a><a href="#toc">Where do I get Grml?</a></h3>
<h3><a name="releasename"></a><a href="#toc">What about the release name?</a></h3>
- <p>Codename of Grml 2011.12 is "Knecht Rootrecht". It's a wordplay on
- <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas">Knecht
- Ruprecht</a>, which translates as Farmhand Ruprecht or Servant
- Ruprecht.</p>
+ <p>Codename of Grml 2017.05 is "Freedatensuppe", which is
+ a wordplay (free data soup) on an austrian dish called <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frittatensuppe">Frittatensuppe</a>.
+ (We stumbled upon this wordplay through <a href="https://twitter.com/shroombab/status/715650750689517568">a tweet from Barbara Wimmer</a>,
+ referencing a flyer based on a <a href="https://zwerkstatt.at/index.php/produkt/freedaten_h_indiaink/">shirt by zwerkstatt</a>.</p>
<h3><a name="requirements"></a><a href="#toc">Requirements for running Grml</a></h3>
<li>Intel-compatible CPU (i586 or later, preferably Pentium class or higher)</li>
- <li>>=128MB of RAM (>=256MB recommended)</p>
+ <li>>=256MB of RAM (>=512MB recommended)</p>
<li>either a bootable CD-/DVD-ROM drive,
a <a href="#usbboot">USB-boot capable system</a> or a
<h3><a name="accessibility"></a><a href="#toc">What does accessibility at Grml mean?</a></h3>
- <p>The Grml kernel includes support for speakup. For software,
- brltty and espeakup are included.</p>
+
<p>The Grml kernel includes support for speakup. For software,
+ brltty and espeakup are included.</p>
<h3><a name="bootoptions"></a><a href="#toc">Which bootoptions does Grml support?</a></h3>
href="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt">kernel-parameters.txt</a>
of the Linux kernel applies to Grml as well.</p>
+ <h3><a name="systemd"></a><a href="#toc">Why is Grml using systemd?</a></h3>
+
+ <p>The switch from file-rc to systemd happened for various reasons.
+ Grml used file-rc for many years, mainly because it provided a better
+ way to control startup behavior via its /etc/runlevel.conf configuration
+ than with using sysvinit. Though for us Grml developers this also meant
+ that whenever there have been any changes in Debian's startup
+ configuration we had to compare our /etc/runlevel.conf setup with what a
+ normal Debian system would give us. Users who wanted to remaster Grml
+ with a custom startup procedure as well had to practically fork
+ maintenance of the /etc/runlevel.conf file. This didn't only mean
+ tracking new features/services, but also solve any possible issues
+ around it - duplicating efforts and wasting developers time
+ unnecessarily. Lately we also started to see problems that no one else
+ seemed to have (or care about enough), for example with multiple network
+ cards we ran into race-conditions with resolvconf. Problems like that
+ turned out to be release stoppers for us.</p>
+
+ <p>systemd on the other hand provides great documentation, service
+ supervision, takes care of parallel service startup and is the default
+ init system on most Linux distributions nowadays. This means more users,
+ better testing and integration. Logging, startup time investigation (to
+ get a fast boot procedure) and identifying failed service startups with
+ sysvinit/file-rc was always hard, unreliable or even impossible under
+ certain conditions. bootlogd was unreliable (while `journalctl -b` is
+ available out-of-the-box with systemd), bootchart not nicely integrated
+ (while systemd-analyze blame/critical-chain works out-of-the-box) and we
+ aren't aware of any equivalence for e.g. `systemctl --failed`.</p>
+
+ <p>While migrating our stack to systemd is <em>not</em> fully finished
+ yet, its switch - at least so far - was easier than expected. It also
+ turns out that it gives users who want to remaster Grml (or build their
+ very own ISOs from scratch using grml-live) more flexibility and control
+ over the startup process. systemd's override.conf mechanism and preset
+ feature provides the flexibility to overwrite unwanted behavior, without
+ losing the option to use existing defaults.</p>
+
+ <p>Last but not least we think it's good that systemd is actively
+ maintained and receives attention. The sysvinit/file-rc ecosystem was
+ stagnating/non-existend for too many years. Grml used its own initrd
+ implementation in its very beginnings, until a more broadly available
+ initramfs-tools/ live-boot solution appeared, broadening the user base,
+ sharing goals amongst different (live) distributions. Back in the days
+ Grml - like many other live distributions - had to implement hardware
+ recognition on its own. While udev received lots of complaints back
+ then, its integration actually solved all the hardware recognition for
+ the good. systemd's vision of stateless systems is something which helps
+ building live systems like Grml.</p>
+
+ <p>While we don't claim that systemd is perfect and doesn't have its
+ issues and drawbacks (like any software), we're happy about its
+ existence and more than happy about development and support by Debian's
+ systemd folks.</p>
+
<a name="release"></a> <!-- old anchor -->
<a name="bugreport"></a> <!-- old anchor -->
<h3><a name="known_issues"></a><a href="#toc">Are there any known issues? How about reporting bugs?</a></h3>
possible (unless you set a password or create new user
accounts as root). You can create valid passwords using "sudo
passwd [username]" from the shell individually. To set a password
- for the Grml user and enable SSH login you can use the 'ssh'
+ for users 'root' and 'grml' and enable SSH login you can use the 'ssh'
boot option, like 'ssh=yourpassword'.</p>
<h3><a name="version"></a><a href="#toc">How do I find out the version of Grml</a></h3>
<h3><a name="wms"></a><a href="#toc">Which window managers can I use?</a></h3>
- <p>Starting with the 2011.12 release Grml provides <a
- href="http://www.fluxbox.org/">Fluxbox</a> as window manager.</p>
+
<p>Starting with the 2011.12 release Grml provides <a
+ href="http://www.fluxbox.org/">Fluxbox</a> as window manager.</p>
<h3><a name="lvm"></a><a href="#toc">Where are my LVM devices?</a></h3>
<p>Short anwer: No.</p>
- <p>If you want to get a plain Debian system take a look at <a
- href="/grml-debootstrap/">grml-debootstrap</a>.</p>
+
<p>If you want to get a plain Debian system take a look at <a
+ href="/grml-debootstrap/">grml-debootstrap</a>.</p>
- <p>Long(er) answer: yes it's possible to install Grml. But it's not
- supported and you'll be on your own. That's why we decided to make it
- not-so-obvious. If you really know what you're doing you'll find out on
- your own. Reminder: use <a
- href="/grml-debootstrap/">grml-debootstrap</a> or <a
- href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian Installer</a> instead.</p>
+
<p>Long(er) answer: yes it's possible to install Grml. But it's not
+ supported and you'll be on your own. That's why we decided to make it
+ not-so-obvious. If you really know what you're doing you'll find out on
+
your own. Reminder: use <a
+
href="/grml-debootstrap/">grml-debootstrap</a> or <a
+ href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian Installer</a> instead.</p>
<h2><a name="software"></a><a href="#toc">Software</a></h2>
<p>Short answer: because <a href="/zsh/">Zsh rocks</a>, really!</p>
- <p>Long(er) answer: If you don't know Zsh take a look the <a
- href="/zsh/">Grml Zsh reference card</a>.</p>
+
<p>Long(er) answer: If you don't know Zsh take a look the <a
+ href="/zsh/">Grml Zsh reference card</a>.</p>
<p>If you are a Bash user and don't know Zsh yet, don't be
afraid. Bash is largely a subset of Zsh and you don't have to
projects / grml.org.git / blobdiff