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29 <h1 align="center">FAQ for grml</h1>
31 <p><strong>Up2date:</strong> applies to Grml releases version 2011.12</p>
33 <p><a name="toc"></a><strong>Index:</strong></p>
35 <p class="toc"><a href="#general">General:</a></p>
37 <li><a href="#whatis">What is Grml?</a></li>
38 <li><a href="#flavours">What are grml32 / grml64 and grml96?</a></li>
39 <li><a href="#grmlsmall">What is the difference between grml-full and grml-small?</a></li>
40 <li><a href="#get">Where do I get Grml?</a></li>
41 <li><a href="#whatmeans">What does Grml mean?</a></li>
42 <li><a href="#releasename">What about the release name?</a></li>
43 <li><a href="#requirements">Requirements for running Grml</a></li>
44 <li><a href="#bootoptions">Which bootoptions does Grml support?</a></li>
45 <li><a href="#known_issues">Are there any known issues with this release? How about reporting bugs?</a></li>
48 <p class="toc"><a href="#features">Features</a>:</p>
50 <li><a href="#usbboot">How do I boot Grml from a USB stick?</a></li>
51 <li><a href="#persistency">Is it possible to store my settings?</a></li>
52 <li><a href="#password">What are the passwords of users on Grml?</a></li>
53 <li><a href="#version">How do I find out the version of Grml</a></li>
54 <li><a href="#language">How do I change the language/keyboard settings?</a></li>
55 <li><a href="#wms">Which window managers can I use?</a></li>
56 <li><a href="#lvm">Where are my LVM devices?</a></li>
57 <li><a href="#swraid">Where are my Software-RAID devices?</a></li>
58 <li><a href="#booting">Which ways exist to boot Grml?</a></li>
59 <li><a href="#timezone">How do I configure timezone on my Grml system?</a></li>
60 <li><a href="#hdinstall">Is it possible to install Grml to harddisk?</a></li>
63 <p class="toc"><a href="#software">Software:</a></p>
65 <li><a href="#sw_version">Which package(s) and which version is available?</a></li>
66 <li><a href="#zsh">Why is Zsh the default shell?</a></li>
70 <p class="toc"><a href="#stuff">Support / Unanswered stuff:</a></p>
72 <li><a href="#questions">Further questions?</a></li>
73 <li><a href="#support">Commercial Support</a></li>
76 <h2><a name="general"></a><a href="#toc">General</a></h2>
78 <h3><a name="whatis"></a><a href="#toc">What is Grml?</a></h3>
80 <p>Grml is a bootable live system (Live-CD) based
81 on <a href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</a>. It is not
82 necessary to install anything to a harddisk. Grml includes a
83 collection of GNU/Linux software especially for system
84 administrators. It specializes on administrative tasks like
85 installation, deployment and system rescue.</p>
87 <h3><a name="flavours"></a><a href="#toc">What are grml32 / grml64 and grml96?</a></h3>
90 <li>grml32-full: 32bit version (kernel and userspace), ~350MB</li>
91 <li>grml64-full: 64bit version (kernel and userspace), ~350MB</li>
92 <li>grml96-full: multi boot version (featuring the grml32-full and grml64-full ISOs combined on one ISO), ~700MB</li>
95 <p>Unless you've a good reason to really choose the 32bit flavour we
96 strongly encourage you to use either the grml64 or the grml96
99 <p>Please notice that this schema was introduced starting with the
100 downsized Grml release 2011.12. Until then grml96 didn't exist and
101 grml32 was known as just 'grml'.</p>
103 <h3><a name="grmlsmall"></a><a href="#toc">What is the difference between grml-full and grml-small?</a></h3>
105 <p>grml-small provides a reduced set of available software compared to
106 grml-full. It provides the same Linux kernel image as grml-full and is
107 fully binary compatible. Choose the grml-small flavour if size - for
108 whatever reason - really matters to you.</p>
110 <h3><a name="get"></a><a href="#toc">Where do I get Grml?</a></h3>
112 <p>Grml is open source, you can download it from the mirrors
113 listed at <a href="/download">grml.org/download/</a>.</p>
115 <h3><a name="whatmeans"></a><a href="#toc">What does Grml mean?</a></h3>
117 <p>Grml comes close to 'argl' or 'grrr' in English. People use
118 this when they want to express their dissatisfaction with
119 software (amongst other things).</p>
121 <h3><a name="releasename"></a><a href="#toc">What about the release name?</a></h3>
123 <p>Codename of Grml 2011.12 is "Knecht Rootrecht". It's a wordplay on
124 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companions_of_Saint_Nicholas">Knecht
125 Ruprecht</a>, which translates as Farmhand Ruprecht or Servant
128 <p>Codename of Grml 2012.05 is "Ponyhof", AKA "Life Ain't No Pony Farm".</p>
130 <h3><a name="requirements"></a><a href="#toc">Requirements for running Grml</a></h3>
134 <li>Intel-compatible CPU (i586 or later, preferably Pentium class or higher)</li>
136 <li>>=256MB of RAM (>=512MB recommended)</p>
138 <li>either a bootable CD-/DVD-ROM drive,
139 a <a href="#usbboot">USB-boot capable system</a> or a
140 network card for booting via network/PXE (check
141 out <a href="#terminalserver">grml-terminalserver</a>)</li>
145 <h3><a name="accessibility"></a><a href="#toc">What does accessibility at Grml mean?</a></h3>
147 <p>The Grml kernel includes support for speakup. For software,
148 brltty and espeakup are included.</p>
150 <h3><a name="bootoptions"></a><a href="#toc">Which bootoptions does Grml support?</a></h3>
153 href="http://git.grml.org/?p=grml-live.git;a=blob_plain;f=templates/GRML/grml-cheatcodes.txt;hb=HEAD">grml-cheatcodes
154 file</a> (also available via <a href="http://grml.org/cheatcodes/">grml.org/cheatcodes/</a>). Of
156 href="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt">kernel-parameters.txt</a>
157 of the Linux kernel applies to Grml as well.</p>
159 <a name="release"></a> <!-- old anchor -->
160 <a name="bugreport"></a> <!-- old anchor -->
161 <h3><a name="known_issues"></a><a href="#toc">Are there any known issues? How about reporting bugs?</a></h3>
163 <p>Please visit the <a href="/bugs/">bug webpage</a>.</p>
165 <h2><a name="features"></a><a href="#toc">Features</a></h2>
167 <!-- TODO: needs to be improved! -->
168 <h3><a name="usbboot"></a><a href="#toc">How do I boot Grml from a USB stick?</a></h3>
171 out <a href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=usb#grml2usb">grml2usb</a>
173 <a href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=usb">usb webpage in the
176 <h3><a name="store"></a><a name="persistency"></a><a href="#toc">Is it possible to store my settings?</a></h3>
179 a <a href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=persistency">persistency
182 <h3><a name="password"></a><a href="#toc">What are the passwords of users on Grml?</a></h3>
184 <p>There are no default passwords - all accounts are locked by
185 default for security reasons. Even local logins are not
186 possible (unless you set a password or create new user
187 accounts as root). You can create valid passwords using "sudo
188 passwd [username]" from the shell individually. To set a password
189 for the Grml user and enable SSH login you can use the 'ssh'
190 boot option, like 'ssh=yourpassword'.</p>
192 <h3><a name="version"></a><a href="#toc">How do I find out the version of Grml</a></h3>
194 <p>Run 'grml-version' or use the following command:</p>
197 $ cat /etc/grml_version</pre>
199 <h3><a name="language"></a><a href="#toc">How do I change the language/keyboard settings?</a></h3>
201 <p>By default Grml uses english settings. But it is possible to
202 change the settings via using either the bootparam(s) lang,
203 keyboard and xkeyboard or via executing grml-lang when Grml is
204 already running. Usage examples:</p>
207 grml lang=de # enter this at the bootprompt and you will get
208 # german keyboard layout and german $LANG, $LC_ALL,
210 grml keyboard=de xkeyboard=de lang=at # enter this at the bootprompt
211 # and you will get german keyboard and austrian
213 % grml-lang de # enter this in the shell to switch keyboard layout
214 # and $LANG settings in a running Grml system
217 <p>Note: run grml-setlang to get a dialog based frontend for
218 /etc/default/locale. Run grml-setkeyboard to get a dialog
219 based frontend for /etc/sysconfig/keyboard.</p>
222 <h3><a name="wms"></a><a href="#toc">Which window managers can I use?</a></h3>
224 <p>Starting with the 2011.12 release Grml provides <a
225 href="http://www.fluxbox.org/">Fluxbox</a> as window manager.</p>
227 <h3><a name="lvm"></a><a href="#toc">Where are my LVM devices?</a></h3>
229 <p>LVM (Logival Volumes) is <strong>not</strong> started by default to
230 avoid any possible damage to your data. To get access to present LVM
231 devices just execute:</p>
234 # /etc/init.d/lvm2 start
237 <p>If you want to enable LVM by default just boot using the 'lvm'
238 bootoption which automatically enables LVM.</p>
240 <h3><a name="swraid"></a><a href="#toc">Where are my Software-RAID devices?</a></h3>
242 <p>Software-RAID (usually known as the mdadm stuff) is
243 <strong>not</strong> started by default to avoid any possible damage to
244 your data. To get access to present SW-RAID devices just execute:</p>
247 # /etc/init.d/mdadm-raid start
250 <p>If you want to enable SW-RAID by default just boot using
251 the 'swraid' bootoption which enables automatic assembling of
252 software raid arrays.</p>
254 <a name="terminalserver"></a>
255 <h3><a name="booting"></a><a href="#toc">Which ways exist to boot Grml?</a></h3>
257 <!-- TODO: needs rework -->
259 <p>Of course running from CD/DVD is a common way to boot
260 Grml. But Grml provides many more ways to boot:</p>
262 <p>It is possible to boot Grml via USB (e.g. USB stick or
263 harddisk), firewire, or running from a Compact Flash disk. It
264 works out of the box; you don't need to modify anything. Check
265 out <a href="http://wiki.grml.org/doku.php?id=usb">the usb
266 webpage in the grml-wiki</a> for more details.</p>
268 <p>Your computer can not boot from CD-ROM but provides a
269 floppy disk? Take a look
270 at <a href="http://btmgr.sourceforge.net/">btmgr</a>, <a href="http://ubcd4win.com/faq.htm#floppy">ubcd4win</a>
271 or <a href="http://linux.simple.be/tools/sbm">sbm</a>. They
272 provide support for booting from CD-ROM via a special floppy
275 <p>grml-terminalserver makes it possible to boot your system
277 using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preboot_Execution_Environment">PXE</a>
278 (Preboot Execution Environment). If your network card does not
279 provide support for booting via PXE you can still boot it
280 either using the provided grub image by grml-terminalserver
281 (for example via floppy drive) or
282 using <a href="http://etherboot.org/wiki/index.php">gPXE</a>.
283 For more information, refer to
284 the <a href="/terminalserver/">grml-terminalserver
287 <h3><a name="timezone"></a><a href="#toc">How do I configure
288 timezone on my Grml system?</a></h3>
290 <p>Available bootoptions relevant in live-cd mode:</p>
293 <li>utc: set UTC, if your system clock is set to UTC (GMT)
294 <li>gmt: set UTC, if your system clock is set to UTC (GMT) [like bootoption utc]
295 <li>tz=$option: set timezone to corresponding $option, usage example:
299 <p>Further information: manpages hwclock(8), tzselect(1) and tzconfig(8); <a
300 href="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/system-administrator/ch-sysadmin-time.html">Debian
301 GNU/Linux System Administrator's Manual Chapter 16 - Time</a> and <a
302 href="http://wiki.debian.org/TimeZoneChanges">TimeZoneChanges in the
305 <h3><a name="hdinstall"></a><a href="#toc">Is it possible to install Grml to harddisk?</a></h3>
307 <p>Short anwer: No.</p>
309 <p>If you want to get a plain Debian system take a look at <a
310 href="/grml-debootstrap/">grml-debootstrap</a>.</p>
312 <p>Long(er) answer: yes it's possible to install Grml. But it's not
313 supported and you'll be on your own. That's why we decided to make it
314 not-so-obvious. If you really know what you're doing you'll find out on
315 your own. Reminder: use <a
316 href="/grml-debootstrap/">grml-debootstrap</a> or <a
317 href="http://www.debian.org/">Debian Installer</a> instead.</p>
319 <h2><a name="software"></a><a href="#toc">Software</a></h2>
321 <h3><a name="sw_version"></a><a href="#toc">Which package(s) and which
322 version is available?</a></h3>
324 <p>If you want to get details about the provided packages and the
325 package versions without booting the Grml ISO check out the dpkg_...
326 files in the <a href="/files/#debian">Debian-Information section on
327 grml.org/files/</a>.</p>
329 <h3><a name="zsh"></a><a href="#toc">Why is Zsh the default shell?</a></h3>
331 <p>Short answer: because <a href="/zsh/">Zsh rocks</a>, really!</p>
333 <p>Long(er) answer: If you don't know Zsh take a look the <a
334 href="/zsh/">Grml Zsh reference card</a>.</p>
336 <p>If you are a Bash user and don't know Zsh yet, don't be
337 afraid. Bash is largely a subset of Zsh and you don't have to
338 throw away your knowledge about shell stuff.</p>
340 <h2><a name="stuff"></a><a href="#toc">Support / Unanswered stuff</a></h2>
342 <h3><a name="questions"></a><a href="#toc">Further questions</a></h3>
344 <p>Do you have a question which is not answered in the FAQ or
345 in the provided <a href="/docs/">documentation</a> (execute
346 "grml-info" on your Grml system for offline
347 documentation)? Also check out 'grml-tips $KEYWORD' on your
348 Grml system. Take a look at
349 <a href="/">the Grml website</a> and <a href="http://wiki.grml.org/">the
350 grml-wiki</a>. A good place to become part of the community is the <a
351 href="/mailinglist/">Grml mailinglist</a>.</p>
353 <h3><a name="support"></a><a href="#toc">Commercial Support</a></h3>
355 <p>You want to deploy Grml in your data center, use it as part of your
356 business or have an emergency case? You're happy with Grml but would
357 like to get your very own live cd (providing your favourite software
358 selection, special configuration, setup and your bootsplash)?
359 Please get in <a href="/contact/">touch with us</a>.</p>
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